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Queen Soheon

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Queen Soheon
소헌왕후
Queen consort of Joseon
Tenure18 September 1418 – 28 April 1446
PredecessorQueen Wongyeong
SuccessorQueen Jeongsun
Crown Princess consort of Joseon
Tenure20 July 1418 – 18 September 1418
Predecessor
Successor
Born20 October 1395
Yangju, Gyeonggi Province, Joseon
Died28 April 1446 (aged 50)
Grand Prince Suyang's residence, Hanseong, Joseon
Burial
Yeongneung tomb, Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty, west of the city of Yeoju
37°18′29″N 127°36′11″E / 37.30806°N 127.60306°E / 37.30806; 127.60306
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1408⁠–⁠1446)​
IssuePrincess Jeongso
Yi Hyang, King Munjong
Princess Jeongui
Yi Yu, King Sejo
Yi Yong, Grand Prince Anpyeong
Yi Gu, Grand Prince Imyeong
Yi Yeo, Grand Prince Gwangpyeong
Yi Yu, Grand Prince Geumseong
Yi Im, Grand Prince Pyeongwon
Yi Yeom, Grand Prince Yeongeung
Posthumous name
선인제성소헌왕후 宣仁齊聖昭憲王后
HouseCheongsong Sim
FatherSim On
MotherLady Samhanguk of the Sunheung Ahn clan
Seal

Queen Soheon (Korean: 소헌왕후 심씨; 20 October 1395 – 28 April 1446), of the Cheongsong Sim clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the wife and queen consort of Yi Do (King Sejong) and the mother of Yi Hyang (King Munjong) and Yi Yu (King Sejo). She was queen consort of Joseon and honoured as Queen Gong (공비) from 1418 until her death in 1446.

Biography

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Early life

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Lady Sim was born as the first daughter and eldest child of nine children to Lord Sim On and Lady Ahn of the Sunheung Ahn clan. Her paternal uncle, Sim Jong, was King Taejo's son-in-law (titled Prince Consort Cheongwon) through his marriage to the king's daughter, Princess Gyeongseon.

Marriage

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In 1408 at the age of 13, she was arranged to marry King Taejong's son, Prince Chungyeong, to which her title became Princess Gyeongsuk (경숙옹주; 敬淑翁主). It's said that she was chosen for the marriage due to the fact that King Taejong's older sister, Princess Gyeongseon, was her paternal aunt; thus having royal family connections.

When her husband became grand prince, her title changed from ongju (옹주) to gongju (공주).

Her parents were given royal titles: her mother was given "Internal Princess Consort Samhanguk of the Sunheung Ahn clan" (삼한국대부인 순흥 안씨), and her father was given "Internal Prince Cheongcheon" (청천부원군).

During Taejong's 17th year of reign in 1417, Princess Gyeongsuk was also given the title of Internal Princess Consort Samhanguk (삼한국대부인; 三韓國大夫人).

On 6 July 1418, during the 18th year of Taejong's reign, Princess Gyeongsuk became Crown Princess Gyeong (경빈; 敬嬪) when Grand Prince Chungyeong (later King Sejong) became the crown prince successor to the throne, and when her husband became king on 9 September 1418, her title changed to Queen Gong (공비, 恭妃; Gongbi meaning Courteous Consort).

It's said that Queen Gong had a gentle and kind appearance but advocated strict adherence to laws and code of conduct.

Royal political conflicts

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Just like her predecessor and mother-in-law, Queen Dowager Hudeok, Queen Gong experienced the loss of her family as Taejong felt threatened due to the influence of royal in-laws. She had lost her father, Sim On, in 1419 and two uncles in 1418 during her father-in-law's regency with her husband. Her mother and remaining relatives were also demoted to lower slave class.

But in 1426, rather than having his in-laws serve as slaves, Sejong expelled the Queen's mother and relatives from Cheonan, and restored the posts of her brothers and male relatives.

Court officials brought up the topic of demoting or stripping Queen Gong's position as Queen, but King Sejong fought back. He stated that the Queen was to remain in her position due to giving birth to two princes prior to the conflict.

Rather than holding resentment towards to her husband, Queen Gong was understanding and supportive of her husband through the ordeal.

As a Queen with duties, it is said that the inner court was at its most peaceful during her care. King Sejong also praised her for being a good leader for the women of the palace.

Later life

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On 14 April 1446, Queen Gong died at the age of 50 during her husband's 28th year of reign. King Sejong outlived her by 2 years and eventually died at the age of 52.

Queen Gong bore 10 children which included King Munjong and King Sejo.

Legacy

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Queen Soheon was buried with her husband, King Sejong in a burial mound, surrounded by statues of scholars, military officials, and horses. The site has a memorial shrine and pond. Their tomb, Yeongneung, is within the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty, west of the city of Yeoju.

Prince Suyang commissioned the creation of the Seokbosangjeol after the death of his mother, Queen Soheon, intending it to ease her passage to the next life. It was, however, also made available to the general population of Korea, to encourage the propagation of the Buddhist faith. It was translated from Chinese to Korea's native hangul characters, and as such represents the oldest form of indigenous Korean written text.[1][2] The book was written at his father's request, and included more than 580 Buddhist lyrics by Sejong in Wolincheongangjigok.[3] It was first published in 24 volumes in 1447 C.E.[4] An original edition is held at the National Library of Korea in Seoul, where it is designated a Tangible Cultural Treasure.[5]

Illustration of the grounds of the Yongmunsa Temple of the Jogye Order in Yangpyeong, South Korea

Trivia

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Through her younger brothers, Queen Soheon eventually became the 3rd great-grandaunt to Queen Insun; the wife of King Myeongjong, and Sim Ui-gyeom; the younger brother of Queen Insun. The Queen also became the 9th great-grandaunt to Queen Danui; the wife of King Gyeongjong.

Family

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Parent

  • Father − Sim On (심온; 沈溫; 1375 – 20 January 1419)
  • Mother − Internal Princess Consort Samhanguk of the Sunheung Ahn clan (삼한국대부인 순흥 안씨; 三韓國大夫人 順興 安氏; 1373–1444)
  • Stepmother - Lady Park (박씨; 朴氏; 1379–?)

Siblings

  • Younger sister − Lady Sim of the Cheongsong Sim clan (청송 심씨; 1397 -1458)
  • Younger brother − Sim Jun (심준; 沈濬; 1398–1448)
  • Younger sister − Lady Sim of the Cheongsong Sim clan (청송 심씨; 1400–?)
  • Half-brother – Sim Jang-su (심장수; 沈長壽; 1400–?)
  • Younger sister − Lady Sim of the Cheongsong Sim clan (청송 심씨; 1402–?)
  • Half-brother – Sim Jang-gi (심장기; 沈長己; 1402–?)
  • Younger sister − Lady Sim of the Cheongsong Sim clan (청송 심씨; 1405–1466)
  • Younger sister − Lady Sim of the Cheongsong Sim clan (청송 심씨; 1407–?)
  • Younger brother − Sim Hoe (심회; 沈澮; 1418–1493)
  • Younger brother − Sim Gyeol (심결; 沈決; 1419–1470)

Husband

Issue

  • Daughter – Princess Jeongso (정소공주; 1412 – 25 February 1424)
  • Son – Yi Hyang, King Munjong (조선 문종; 15 November 1414 – 1 June 1452). Wives: a) Crown Princess Consort Hwi of the Andong Kim clan (휘빈 김씨; 1410–1429), b) Crown Princess Consort Sun of the Haeum Bong clan (순빈 봉씨; 1414–1436), c) Queen Hyeondeok of the Andong Gwon clan (현덕왕후 권씨; 17 April 1418 – 10 August 1441)
  • Daughter – Princess Jeongui (정의공주; 1415 – 11 February 1477). Husband: Ahn Maeng-Dam (안맹담; 1415–1462)
  • Son – Yi Yu, King Sejo (조선 세조; 2 November 1417 – 23 September 1468). Wife: Queen Jeonghui of the Papyeong Yun clan (정희왕후 윤씨; 8 December 1418 – 6 May 1483)
  • Son – Yi Yong, Grand Prince Anpyeong (이용 안평대군; 18 October 1418 – 18 November 1453). Wife: Princess Consort of the Yeongil Jeong clan (부부인 영일 정씨; ? – 31 May 1453)
  • Son – Yi Gu, Grand Prince Imyeong (이구 임영대군; 7 January 1420 – 21 January 1469). Wives: a) Princess Consort of the Uiryeong Nam clan (군부인 의령 남씨), b) Princess Consort Jean of the Jeonju Choi clan (제안부부인 최씨), c) Princess Consort of the Andong Ahn clan (부부인 안동 안씨)
  • Son – Yi Yeo, Grand Prince Gwangpyeong (이여 광평대군; 2 May 1425 – 7 December 1444). Wife: Princess Consort Yeongga of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (영가부부인 신씨)
  • Son – Yi Yu, Grand Prince Geumseong (이유 금성대군; 28 March 1426 – 21 October 1457). Wife: Princess Consort Wansan of the Jeonju Choi clan (완산부부인 최씨)
  • Son – Yi Im, Grand Prince Pyeongwon (이임 평원대군; 18 November 1427 – 16 January 1445). Wife: Princess Consort Gangnyeong of the Namyang Hong clan (강녕부부인 홍씨; ?–1483)
  • Son – Yi Yeom, Grand Prince Yeongeung (이염 영응대군; 23 May 1434 – 2 February 1467). Wives: a) Princess Consort Chunseong of the Haeju Jeong clan (춘성부부인 정씨), b) Princess Consort Daebang of the Yeosan Song clan (대방부부인 송씨), c) Princess Consort Yeonseong of the Yeonan Kim clan (연성부부인 김씨)
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References

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  1. ^ Sejo, King of Korea (1417-1468). "Life History and Sermon of Buddha Abstracted from Buddhist Scriptures". World Digital Library. Retrieved 23 May 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ "Seokbosangjeol title". Record Depository. Digital Hangeul Museum. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  3. ^ Kim, Doosik. The History of Hnageul Typeface. Spinning Wheel of Time. p. 106. ISBN 978-89-6511-077-4.
  4. ^ Kim, Mu-bong (March 2013). "A Study for 20th Volume of 『Seokbosangjeol(釋譜詳節)』 —Focusing on Bibliography and Language". Journal of Buddhist Studies (34). Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  5. ^ "The Soul of Korea: National Library of Korea". National Library of Korea. Retrieved 23 May 2013.[permanent dead link‍]
Queen Soheon
Cheongseong Sim clan
Royal titles
Preceded by
Crown Princess Jeong (Wongyeong)
of the Yeoheung Min clan
 Crown Princess consort of Joseon
1418 		Succeeded by
Crown Princess Hwi
of the Andong Kim clan
Preceded by
Queen Jeong (Wongyeong)
of the Yeoheung Min clan
 Queen consort of Joseon
1418 – 19 April 1446 		Succeeded by
Queen Jeongsun
of the Yeosan Song clan
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