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Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment)

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Coordinates: 43°38′13″N 79°24′29″W / 43.6369°N 79.4080°W / 43.6369; -79.4080
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The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment) (RCAC)
Regimental badge
Active14 September 1866 in its current form (1775 as the Queen's Rangers) – present
Country
  • Great Britain (1775–1801)
  • United Kingdom (1801–1867)
  • Canada (1867–present)
BranchCanada
TypeArmoured cavalry
Role
Part of32 Canadian Brigade Group
Garrison/HQFort York Armoury, Toronto
Motto(s)
  • Pristinae virtutis memor (Latin for 'remembering their glories in former days')
  • Celer et audax (Latin for 'swift and bold')
ColorsGreen and amethyst blue
March"Braganza"
Engagements
Battle honoursSee #Battle honours
Commanders
Colonel of the RegimentLieutenant Governor of Ontario[1]
Honorary ColonelSally M. Horsfall Eaton
Honorary Lieutenant-ColonelClint Davis
Commanding OfficerLieutenant-Colonel Matt Lennox
Regimental Sergeant-MajorChief Warrant Officer Matthew French

The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment) (RCAC) is a Canadian Army Primary Reserve Royal Canadian Armoured Corps regiment based in Toronto and Aurora. The regiment is part of 4th Canadian Division's 32 Canadian Brigade Group. The regiment consists of one cavalry squadron (D Squadron), as well as the Headquarters and Training Squadron. The regimental family also includes The Queen's York Rangers Band (volunteer), along with two Royal Canadian Army Cadet corps and a Royal Canadian Air Cadet squadron. The unit mottos are pristinae virtutis memor – 'remembering their glories in former days' – and celer et audax – 'swift and bold'. Among its own members and those of other regiments, the unit is referred to as the Rangers. The name is abbreviated as QY Rang, and sometimes pronounced /ˈkwaɪræŋ/ KWY-rang.

Lineage

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Pre-Confederation

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The regiment traces its direct origins to Robert Rogers and his Rangers in 1756 during the French and Indian Wars. Disbanded after seven years of hard service, Rogers reformed the Rangers in 1775 and they soon were carried on the British Army list as The Queen's Rangers, First American Regiment. The Rangers were particularly distinguished under John Graves Simcoe in 1777 at the Battle of Brandywine and were shipped to New Brunswick at the end of the war in 1783. When Simcoe was appointed as the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, he made a stop in New Brunswick and raised the Queen's Rangers again and brought them with him in 1793 to Upper Canada. The Rangers were stood down again in 1802 and became the York Militia. They became active again during the War of 1812 and again during the Upper Canada Rebellion in 1837-38.

The York Rangers

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Main article: The York Rangers

The York County Militia was reconstituted again on 14 September 1866 as the 12th "York Battalion of Infantry".

It was redesignated as the 12th Battalion of Infantry or "York Rangers" on 10 May 1872, as the 12th Regiment "York Rangers" on 8 May 1900 and, following the Great War, as The York Rangers on 1 May 1920.

On 15 December 1936, it was amalgamated with The Queen's Rangers (1st American Regiment) and redesignated The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment) (MG).

It was redesignated as the 2nd (Reserve) Battalion, The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment) on 5 March 1942

  • as The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment) (Reserve) on 15 September 1944
  • as The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment) on 30 November 1945
  • as the 25th Armoured Regiment (Queen's York Rangers), RCAC on 19 June 1947
  • The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment) (25th Armoured Regiment) on 4 February 1949
  • The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment) (RCAC) on 19 May 1958
  • The Queen's York Rangers (RCAC) on 3 September 1985
  • and The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment) (RCAC) on 12 November 2004.[2][3]

The Queen's Rangers (1st American Regiment)

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Main article: The Queen's Rangers (1st American Regiment)

The Queen's Rangers (1st American Regiment) was formed in Toronto, Ontario on 15 January 1921 as The West Toronto Regiment. On 1 August 1925, it was amalgamated with the 2nd Battalion (35th Battalion, CEF), The York Rangers and redesignated The Queen's Rangers. It was redesignated The Queen's Rangers (1st American Regiment) on 1 December 1927. On 15 December 1936, it was amalgamated with The York Rangers.[4]

Lineage chart

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Lineage of the Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment) (RCAC)[5]
1812Bn of Incorporated Militia of Upper Canada1st Regt of York Militia3rd Regt of York Militia
1815DisbandedDisbandedDisbanded
1862Scarborough Rifle CoyAurora Infy CoyLloydtown Infy Rifle Coy
1863King Infy Coy
1866Newmarket Infy Coy
186612th "York Bn of Infy"
187212th Bn of Infy or "York Rangers"
190012th Regt "York Rangers"
191435th Bn, CEF20th Bn, CEF
1915127th "Overseas" Bn, CEF35th Reserve Bn, CEF
1916220th "Overseas" Bn, CEF
19172nd Bn, CRT, CEFAbsorbed by 3rd Reserve BnAbsorbed by 4th Reserve Bn
1920Disbanded1st Bn, The York RangersDisbanded
19211st Bn (20th Bn, CEF), The West Toronto Regt
19222nd Bn (35th Bn, CEF), The York Rangers
19251st Bn (127th Bn, CEF), The York Rangers1st Bn (20th Bn, CEF), The Queen's Rangers
19271st Bn (20th Bn, CEF), The Queen's Rangers, 1st American Regt
1936The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regt) (MG)
19421st Bn, The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regt), CASF2nd (Reserve) Bn, The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regt)
1943Disbanded
1944The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regt) (Reserve)
1945The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regt)
194725th Armd Regt (Queen's York Rangers), RCAC
1949The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regt) (25th Armd Regt)
1958The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regt) (RCAC)
1985The Queen's York Rangers (RCAC)
2004The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regt) (RCAC)
2012Perpetuates War of 1812 units

Perpetuations

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War of 1812

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The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment) (RCAC) perpetuate the Battalion of Incorporated Militia of Upper Canada and the 1st and 3rd Regiments of York Militia.

The Great War

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The regiment perpetuates the 20th Battalion (Central Ontario), CEF, the 35th Battalion, CEF, 127th Battalion (12th York Rangers), CEF and the 220th Battalion (12th Regiment York Rangers), CEF.[6]

History

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North-West Rebellion

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The 12th Battalion of Infantry (York Rangers) mobilized four companies for active service on 10 April 1885. The companies served with the York and Simcoe Provisional Battalion in the Alberta Column of the North West Field Force. The companies were removed from active service on 24 July 1885.[7]

First World War

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The distinguishing patch of the 20th Battalion (Central Ontario), CEF.

The 20th Battalion (Central Ontario), CEF was authorized on 7 November 1914 and embarked for Britain on 15 May 1915. It disembarked in France on 15 September 1915, where it fought as part of the 4th Canadian Infantry Brigade, 2nd Canadian Division in France and Flanders until the end of the war. For much of the war, the commanding officer of the battalion was Lieutenant-Colonel C.H. Rogers, a descendant of Robert Rogers. The battalion performed particularly well at the Battle of the Somme, Vimy Ridge, Hill 70, Passchendaele, and at Amiens and Canal du Nord in 1918. Two of its members, Lieutenant Wallace Lloyd Algie and Sergeant Frederick Hobson, were posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross.

The 20th Battalion was disbanded on 30 August 1920. Altogether, 4,310 officers and men had served in the battalion; 843 were killed in action or died of wounds (often having been wounded earlier) and 1,855 were wounded—often several times. Some 22 members of the battalion had been taken prisoner during the war with the largest haul being when nine were taken when evacuating casualties at Passchendaele.

The 35th Battalion, CEF was authorized on 7 November 1914 and embarked for Britain on 16 October 1915. The battalion was redesignated the 35th Reserve Battalion, CEF on 9 February 1915, and it provided reinforcements to the Canadian Corps in the field until 4 January 1917 when its personnel were absorbed by the 4th Reserve Battalion, CEF. The battalion was disbanded on 8 December 1917.

The 127th Battalion (12th York Rangers), CEF was authorized on 22 December 1915 and embarked for Britain on 21 August 1916. It provided reinforcements to the Canadian Corps in the field until 20 November 1916 when it was reorganized as a railway battalion. It disembarked in France on 13 January 1917, and was redesignated the 2nd Battalion, Canadian Railway Troops, CEF on 3 February 1917, where it provided special engineering services to the British Expeditionary Force in France and Flanders until the end of the war.

In April 1918 as the second great German offensive of the year rolled back over the old Somme Battlefield, the 127th was pressed into service as infantry near Amiens. Although initially trained as infantry, the battalion had not been employed as such but the men were apparently eager to show they could fight even if they were only armed with rifles. Combing through the chaos of Amiens, a large number of 'surplus' Lewis guns were 'acquired' and the battalion entered the line with considerably more firepower than might have been expected. At any rate, the German advance was being slowed up by exhausted troops and the usual logistical problems created in moving over World War I battlefields. The attempt to dislodge the 127th was not a determined one and the battalion's inordinate firepower debarred further attempts. The position they secured remained the Allied front line until the Amiens Offensive of 8 August 1918. Once relieved, the 127th returned to its previous duties. The battalion was disbanded on 23 October 1920.

The 220th Battalion (12th Regiment York Rangers), CEF was authorized on 15 July 1916 and embarked for Britain on 26 January 1917, where its personnel were absorbed by the 3rd Reserve Battalion, CEF on 7 May 1917 to provide reinforcements for the Canadian Corps in the field. The battalion was disbanded on 1 September 1917.

Second World War

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Details from the regiment were called out on service on 26 August 1939 and placed on active service on 1 September 1939 for local protection duties until disbanded on 31 December 1940. The regiment subsequently mobilized the 1st Battalion, The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment), CASF on 5 March 1942.40 It served in Canada in a home defence role as part of Military District No. 2, until disbanded on 15 October 1943. Altogether, over 2,000 Rangers served in the Second World but those who went overseas did so in other regiments.

In 2011, the Minister of National Defence approved the ex officio honorary appointment of the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario as the unit's Colonel of the Regiment in perpetuity. The appointment recognizes the regiment's links to John Graves Simcoe, the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada and the regiment's commander during the American War of Independence.[8]

The regiment's vehicles now include, according to official sources, the G Wagon - Light Utility Vehicle Wheeled (LUVW); Textron Tactical Armoured Patrol Vehicle (TAPV); and the Medium Support Vehicle System (MSVS).[9]

Battle honours

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The 1984–2022 guidon (prior to emblazoning of additional honours)

The following list are the battle honours awarded to the battalions and regiments perpetuated by the Rangers as well as to the Rangers themselves. They are organized by the campaign. Battle honours in small capitals are for large operations and campaigns and those in lowercase are for more specific battles. Bold type indicates honours emblazoned on the regimental guidon. Guidons were presented in 1984 and in 2022. The 2022 guidon is the first to include honours from the War of 1812 and Afghanistan.[10]

War of 1812
  • Defence of Canada – 1812–1815 – Défense du Canada[11]
  • Detroit
  • Queenston
  • Niagara[12][13]
North West Rebellion
North West Canada, 1885
First World War
South-West Asia
Afghanistan[15][16]

Alliances

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Band

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Members of the regimental band during the 2008 Toronto Santa Claus Parade.

Since the 1970s, the regiment has maintained a volunteer fife and drums band. Over the years, the number of bandsmen were lowered until the unit was reduced to nil strength. The Streetsville Pipes and Drums were formed in 1986 and in 2009, made an arrangement with the regiment that they would adopt a second persona as the Regimental Band of The Queen's York Rangers.[17]

Regimental museum

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G-Wagen reconnaissance vehicle of the Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment) (RCAC)

The museum preserves and displays the history of The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment) and its several predecessors for the benefit of both the members of the Regiment and the public at large.[18] The museum is affiliated with the Canadian Museums Association, the Canadian Heritage Information Network, the Organization of Military Museums of Canada and Virtual Museum of Canada.

Armouries

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Site Date(s) Designated Location Description Image
Aurora Armoury
89 Mosley Street 		1874 1991 Recognized - Register of the Government of Canada Heritage Buildings Aurora, Ontario

The oldest purpose-built armoury used by the military in Ontario until 2014; this gable-roofed, wood frame building is home to The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment) (RCAC). Sold to Town of Aurora and replaced by John Graves Simcoe Armouries.

Fort York Armoury
660 Fleet Street, 		1933-35 1991 Federal Heritage building; on the Register of the Government of Canada Heritage Buildings Toronto, Ontario

Designed by architects Marani, Lawson and Morris in an industrial area of Toronto; this large, two-storey, drill hall with a concrete, vaulted roof is home to Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment)

References

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  1. ^ "Honoraries". qyrang.ca. Retrieved November 16, 2023.
  2. ^ Canadian Forces Publication A-DH-267-003 Insignia and Lineages of the Canadian Forces. Volume 3: Combat Arms Regiments.
  3. ^ "www.canadiansoldiers.com". www.canadiansoldiers.com. Retrieved 2021-11-27.
  4. ^ Canadian Forces Publication A-DH-267-003 Insignia and Lineages of the Canadian Forces. Volume 3: Combat Arms Regiments.
  5. ^ "The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment) (RCAC)". www.canada.ca. 2018-11-29. Retrieved 2021-12-28.
  6. ^ Canadian Forces Publication A-DH-267-003 Insignia and Lineages of the Canadian Forces. Volume 3: Combat Arms Regiments.
  7. ^ Canadian Forces Publication A-DH-267-003 Insignia and Lineages of the Canadian Forces. Volume 3: Combat Arms Regiments.
  8. ^ "Celebrating Ontario and Canada". Honouring service to the Crown. Lieutenant Governor of Ontario. 2015-09-10. Retrieved 2016-04-08.
  9. ^ "The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment) (RCAC)". 7 August 2013.
  10. ^ "Our Guidon". The Queen's York Rangers Regimental Council. Retrieved 2024-07-08.
  11. ^ "DND/CF | Backgrounder | the Creation of the Commemorative Theatre Honour and Honorary Distinction "DEFENCE OF CANADA – 1812-1815 – DÉFENSE DU CANADA"". Archived from the original on 2013-05-22. Retrieved 2012-09-17.
  12. ^ "DND/CF | Backgrounder | War of 1812 Battle Honours". Archived from the original on 2013-05-22. Retrieved 2012-09-17.
  13. ^ "Regimental Guidon – The Queen's York Rangers' Virtual Museum". 28 March 2019.
  14. ^ "The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment) (RCAC)". Official Lineages Volume 3, Part 1: Armour, Artillery and Field Engineer Regiments – Armour Regiments. Directorate of History and Heritage. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
  15. ^ "South-West Asia Theatre Honours | Prime Minister of Canada". Archived from the original on 2014-05-12. Retrieved 2014-05-11.
  16. ^ "Regimental Guidon – The Queen's York Rangers' Virtual Museum". 28 March 2019.
  17. ^ "Braganza, The Maple Leaf Forever And The Royal Salute – Just The Start For The Award-Winning Queen's York Rangers Band — The Queen's York Rangers Regimental Council". 29 May 2019.
  18. ^ A-AD-266-000/AG-001 Canadian Forces Museums –Operations and Administration 2002-04-03

Further reading

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  • The Queen's York Rangers: An Historic Regiment by Stewart H. Bull (1984).
  • The Queen's Rangers in the Revolutionary War by Colonel C.J. Ingles, D.S.O., V.D. (1956).
  • Queen's Rangers: John Simcoe and his Rangers During the Revolutionary War for America by John Simcoe (1787).
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43°38′13″N 79°24′29″W / 43.6369°N 79.4080°W / 43.6369; -79.4080

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