Pyrolirion
| Fire lilies Flame lilies | |
|---|---|
| |
| golden flame lily (Pyrolirion arvense)[1] | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Amaryllidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Amaryllidoideae |
| Tribe: | Eustephieae |
| Genus: | Pyrolirion Herb. |
| Synonyms[2] | |
|
Leucothauma Ravenna | |
Pyrolirion, commonly known as fire lilies or flame lilies, is a small genus of herbaceous, bulb-forming South American plants in the Amaryllis family, native to Chile, Peru, and Bolivia.[3][4]
Description
[edit]Pyrolirion have thin linear leaves that may be pointed at the tips. The flowers, which can vary in coloration, are borne erect on solitary hollow scapes. The perigone is funnel-shaped, with a cylindrical tube that flares out abruptly to star-like radially arranged (actinomorphic) petals. Small scale-like "paraperigone" may be present at the base.[5]
The stamens arise from or below the throat. The style has three branches at the tip with spoon-shaped (spatulate) stigmas. The seeds are laterally compressed, colored black with white seams (raphe).[5]
Systematics
[edit]The genus Pyrolirion was first established by the British botanist William Herbert in 1837.[6] The name Pyrolirion is from Greek πῦρ (pyr, "fire") and λείριον (leirion, "lily"). It is named after the flame-like colors of the flowers of Pyrolirion arvense (the golden flame lily).[7][8]
Pyrolirion is classified under the tribe Eustephieae of the subfamily Amaryllidoideae, family Amaryllidaceae. It was previously sometimes considered by some authors as a subgenus of Zephyranthes (rain lilies), but DNA sequencing has shown that it is a distinct genus more closely related to the genera Chlidanthus, Eustephia, and Hieronymiella in the tribe Eustephieae than to members of the tribe Hippeastreae.[9][10]
- Species
The species-level classification of Pyrolirion is unclear and in need of further study. The following are accepted at present (April 2015)[2][11][12]
- Pyrolirion albicans Herb. - Perú (Arequipa)
- Pyrolirion arvense (F.Dietr.) - Perú (Cusco, Lima)
- Pyrolirion boliviense (Baker) Sealy - Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz)
- Pyrolirion cutleri (Cárdenas) Ravenna - Bolivia (Cochabamba)
- Pyrolirion flavum Herb. - Perú (Cusco, Lima)
- Pyrolirion huantae Ravenna - Perú
- Pyrolirion tarahuasicum Ravenna - Perú
- Pyrolirion tubiflorum (L'Hér.) M.Roem. - Perú, Chile
References
[edit]- ^ 1835 illustration from Edwards's Botanical Register; Consisting of Coloured Figures of Exotic Plants Cultivated in British Gardens; with their History and Mode of Treatment. London 20: t. 1724. As Pyrolirion aureum
- ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ Herbert, William 1821. Appendix to Botanical Register, page 37
- ^ Tropicos, Pyrolirion Herb.
- ^ a b A.W. Meerow & D.A. Snijman (1998). "Amaryllidaceae". In Klaus Kubitzki (ed.). Flowering plants, Monocotyledons: Lilianae (except Orchidaceae). Vol. III. Springer. p. 103. ISBN 978-3-540-64060-8.
- ^ William Herbert (1863). Amaryllidaceae: preceded by an attempt to arrange the monocotyledonous orders, and followed by a treatise on cross-bred vegetables, and supplement. James Ridgway & Sons. pp. 183–185.
- ^ David H. McNicoll (1863). Dictionary of natural history terms with their derivations: including the various orders, genera, and species. Lovell Reeve & Co. p. 435.
Pyrolirion.
- ^ David Gledhill (2008). The Names of Plants. Cambridge University Press. p. 322. ISBN 978-0-521-86645-3.
- ^ "Hippeastreae" (in French). Amaryllidaceae.org, Société Française des Iris et plantes Bulbeuses (SFIB). Archived from the original on October 24, 2008. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
- ^ "Pyrolirion". Pacific Bulb Society. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
- ^ "Pyrolirion" (in French). Amaryllidaceae.org, Société Française des Iris et plantes Bulbeuses (SFIB). Retrieved November 29, 2011.
- ^ "Pyrolirion". The Plant List: A working list of all plant species. Retrieved November 29, 2011.