Jump to content

Nag (missile)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Prospina)
See also: Integrated Guided Missile Development Program

Nag
Nag Missile Carrier (NAMICA) with Nag
TypeAnti-tank guided missile
Place of originIndia
Service history
Used byIndian Army
Indian Air Force
Production history
DesignerDefence Research and Development Organisation
ManufacturerBharat Dynamics Limited
Unit cost₹1 crore (US$120,000)[1]
Specifications
Mass43 kg (95 lb)
Length1.85 m (6 ft 1 in)
Diameter0.20 m (7.9 in)
Wingspan0.4 m (16 in)
WarheadTandem-charge HEAT (Penetration >900 mm in ERA + RHA)[2]
Warhead weight8 kg
EngineSolid-propellant rocket booster and sustainer motor[3]
PropellantNitramine smokeless extruded double base
Operational
range
• Nag (Prospine): 500m–4km
• HELINA/Dhruvastra: 7–10km[4]
• SANT: 15–20km[5]
Maximum speed 230 m/s (828 km/h)
Guidance
system
Mid-course: Charge-coupled device with area correlation and two-way datalink
Terminal:
Launch
platform
NAMICA
HAL Rudra
HAL Prachand
Mil Mi-24

The Nag missile (IAST: Nāga - 'Cobra'), also called "Prospina" for the land-attack version, is an Indian third-generation, all-weather, fire-and-forget, lock-on after launch, anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) with an operational range of 500 m to 20 km depending on variant. It has a single-shot hit probability of 90%[9] and a ten-year, maintenance-free shelf life.[10] The Nag has five variants under development: a land version, for a mast-mounted system; the helicopter-launched Nag (HELINA) also known as Dhruvastra; a "man-portable" version (MPATGM); an air-launched version which will replace the current imaging infra-red (IIR) to millimetric-wave (mmW) active radar homing seeker;[11] and the Nag Missile Carrier (NAMICA) "tank buster", which is a modified BMP-2 infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) produced under license in India by Ordnance Factory Medak (OFMK).[12][13][14]

Development of the Nag is part of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP), run by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). It is manufactured by Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL).[15] India's Ministry of Defence (MoD) announced on 19 July 2019 that the missile was ready for production.[16] The Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) successfully completed the final trial of Nag anti-tank missile using a live warhead on a dud tank at Pokhran army ranges at 6.45 am on 21 Oct 2020.[17]

Development

[edit]

Development of the Nag missile began in 1988[18] under A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.[19] The first tests were conducted in November 1990.[18] Development was delayed for several years because of issues with the IIR-based guidance system.[18] The Nag missile underwent successful tests in September 1997 and January 2000.[18] In 2000, MoD announced that the Nag was likely to enter full-scale production in early 2001.[18][clarification needed] By 2008, the development cost had reached ₹300 crore (equivalent to ₹836 crore or US$100.2 million in 2023).[20] In July 2009, the Nag ATGM was cleared for production.[21] The final user trials were successfully completed in July 2010. The missile was cleared for mass production. BDL planned to produce 100 Nag missiles annually to replace the existing Konkours and MILAN second-generation missiles in the arsenal.[22] The Nag successfully completed its final validation trials and was expected to join the Indian Army's arsenal in 2011.[23]

In 2011, the project suffered a one-year delay due to the army's changing of its requirements for the NAMICA at the last moment.[24] This was due to the failure of the missile to hit the target at 4 km range during the summer trials of 2011 in Rajasthan. The scientists found a fault in the Europe-imported heat-seeker: it was unable to distinguish between the heat signature of the target and its surroundings during high temperatures at long distances. This led to the development of a better indigenous seeker, with higher resolution and sensitivity, by Research Centre Imarat (RCI), that could track and distinguish targets at long distances. The first trials of the new seeker were carried out on 29 July 2013 in hot desert conditions in Rajasthan.[25][26] The aerodynamic characterization research was conducted at the National Aerospace Laboratories' 1.2m Trisonic Wind Tunnel Facility.[27]

The Nag cleared final developmental trials held by Indian Army in September 2016, making way once again for the weapon system to enter mass production.[28][29] In 2018, the single-shot hit probability was 77% (later improved to 90%).[citation needed]

The missile was again declared ready for induction on 28 February 2018, after successfully destroying 2 tanks in desert conditions in a test.[30][31][32] In 2018, the DRDO chief claimed that the Nag system would be inducted into the Indian Army by 2019.[33] As of 2019, the missile was ready for induction and was expected to enter mass production by year-end, according to a senior DRDO official.[34]

As of 2018, there is a requirement of around 3,000 Nag missile for the land-launched variant of the Army.[26]

Orders

[edit]
  • In 2008, the Indian Army placed an order for 443 Nag missiles and 13 NAMICA carriers to be delivered within the next three years, starting by December 2009.[20] Nag would be the first ATGM of its type to be included in the army's arsenal. The Army urgently needed the Nag, which uses a tandem-charge high-explosive anti-tank shaped charge warhead to penetrate the armour of modern tanks, to improve kill probability.[20] As of July 2010, it was expected to be added to the Army's arsenal by 2011 with the successful completion of final validation trials in Rajasthan.[23]
  • On 27 April 2018, Defence Acquisition Council, under the aegis of Ministry of Defence and under the chairmanship of the then Defence Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, cleared the procurement of additional 300 Nag missiles along with 25 NAMICA missile platforms for the Indian Army. The cost of the total deal is to be ₹524 crore (equivalent to ₹701 crore or US$84 million in 2023)[35][36][26][37]

Design

[edit]
Nag missile (front end view)

The Nag missile's exterior is made of fibreglass.[38][39]

It is developed for engaging heavily armoured tanks in all-weather conditions during day and night with a minimum range of 500 m and a maximum range of 4 km for the land variant. The third-generation fire-and-forget-class ATGM uses an imaging infrared (IIR) seeker that locks on to the target before launch.[40] The airframe is made up of composite materials with high resistance to enemy countermeasures. The forward dome houses the guidance system. The middle portion of the body accommodates sensor packages and the warhead. A booster rocket is located towards the rear end. The Nag consists of four foldable wings and four tail fins that stabilize it during flight. A real-time image processor located next to the guidance package helps enable automatic target detection and tracking capability. The digital autopilot helps in the guidance, stability, and control after launch.

Nag missile (side view)

An electric actuation system also helps in flight control. The guidance system is based on an imaging infrared (IIR) seeker that ensures a high target accuracy in both top and front attack modes. A CCD camera integrated into the guidance system is useful as it is hard to jam. The initial guidance is provided by area correlation around the target, to which is added a centroid tracking mechanism. Homing in the terminal phase is done by area correlation around the centroid.

The Nag rises upwards suddenly and then bends at a steep angle to aim for the target.[41]

Platforms

[edit]

As of 2017, the Nag missile's only operational launch platform is the purpose-built NAMICA missile carrier.[42] A number of other variants were in various stages of development and testing.

NAMICA

[edit]
Nag Missile Carrier (NAMICA) is a modified BMP-2 platform license-built in India.

The NAMICA (Nag Missile Carrier) or NAMIS (Nag Missile System) is a stretched, license-built BMP-2 with additional wheels, nicknamed "BMP-2 Sarath" in India.[18] It is classified as a tank destroyer. It is equipped with various electro-optical systems including a thermal imager (TI) and a laser rangefinder (LRF) for target acquisition. The NAMICA carries a total of twelve missiles, with eight in ready-to-fire mode and four in storage.[18][43] It has a compact auxiliary power unit (APU) for silent watch operation, a fire detection and suppression system (FDSS) and nuclear, biological, and chemical protection system (NBCPS). The carrier weights 14.5 tonnes in full combat load and is capable of moving 7 km/h in water. The carrier was put through transportation trials, covering 155 km during 2008 summer trials.[43] It has various modes of firing, including top attack and indirect attack mode.[40] It has a lock-on-before-launch system, where the target is identified and designated before the launch. The range of attack is limited due to its targeting system being based on visual identification.

The NAMICA successfully completed amphibious trials in the Indira Gandhi Canal at Rajasthan on 8 August 2008.[44]

The vehicle was first publicly showcased during the Republic Day parade in Rajpath at New Delhi in 2023.[45]

NAMICA can fire missiles at a target located around 7.5 kilometres with hunter-killer sight capability and carries 4 military personnel. The total project cost of NAMICA is ₹3000 crore and is developed by Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL) and Ordnance Factory Board (OFB). Ministry of Defence (MoD) cleared NAMICA for production as of 14 August 2020.[46][47]

Nag Mk-2

[edit]

Nag Mk-2 or NAMICA Mk-2 is the second generation launch platform for the design which is under development as of September 2024. Though it inherits the BMP-2 as its chassis, it has a different configuration from its predecessor. The system retains the 30mm autocannon turret and is fitted with two twin Nag ATGM launchers on the sides of the turret. The passenger compartment is replaced with a missile storage system. The system is poised to be lighter and the missile system will include a jet-vane control system similar to the one developed for the HELINA variant for increased manoeuvrability. The missile will also feature an enhanced range compared to the previous version.[48][49]

Variants

[edit]

Nag/ProspiNa

[edit]

The Nag or ProspiNa missile is the basic variant of the Nag family and is fired from the NAMICA platform.

Closeup view of Nag missile with imaging infrared (IIR) seeker
  • In August 2008, the Nag was successfully test-fired for two consecutive days from the test range at Pokhran, Rajasthan, marking the completion of developmental tests. The DRDO and the Indian Army planned to conduct user trials shortly thereafter. These would be the final trials to decide whether the system would go into production.[50] As of 2008, over 60 developmental trials had been conducted by DRDO.[20]
Summer user trials of the Nag missile
  • During the user trials, the Nag missile was tested successfully by the Indian Army on 26 December 2008. The Nag missile zeroed in on the precise location of the target tank from a distance of 3.3 km (2.1 mi), as required by the Indian Army. The Indian Army was also extremely satisfied with the performance of the warhead of the missile.[51]
  • Another successful test was conducted on 28 December 2008. During that test, a moving target at 1.8 km (1.1 mi) was destroyed, along with a stationary target at a distance of 3.1 km (1.9 mi).[52]
  • A total of five missiles were fired during day and night against stationary and moving targets. Before the induction of the missile into service, summer trials were carried out in June 2009.[53]
  • On 20 January 2010 field tests of the Nag's thermal sight system, the system identified and locked on to a T-55 tank at a range of 5 km (3.1 mi). The trials were conducted using an advanced-imaging infrared-seeker head, per the Army's requirements. Another tank was engaged and destroyed at a range of over 4 km (2.5 mi) in a test of the missile's fire-and-forget capability, using the day version of the IIR passive seeker. In its IIR form, the Nag has limited all-weather capability. This limitation has provided added impetus to development of the mmW active seeker. Efforts were undertaken to provide special embedded on-board hunters that could hunt for targets using 'day seekers' and 'day-&-night seekers'.
  • During trials in June 2010, the short-range capability of the missile to hit targets was validated. The Nag missile hit a target at a range of around 0.5 km (0.31 mi) in just three seconds.[54] In the follow-on test, a moving target was hit within 3.2 seconds after launch.[55]
  • The final user validation trials were held on 16 July 2010 and successfully completed.[22][56]
  • Two missiles were launched simultaneously against a moving target, and another two missiles were launched against a stationary Vijayanta tank in quick succession, and all successfully hit the targets. The Indian Army was satisfied with the performance and was expected to buy 443 missiles for ₹335 crore (US$40.1 million).[22] The missiles along with the missile carriers were expected to be added to the Army's arsenal by 2011 with the successful completion of final validation trials in Rajasthan.[23]
  • In 2011, the project suffered a one-year delay due to the army's changing of its requirements for the NAMICA at the last moment.[24] Missile tests during the summer of 2011 in Rajasthan failed to achieve its objective of hitting the target at the intended 4-km range. The scientists found a fault in the heat-seeker which led to the development of a better indigenous seeker, with higher resolution and sensitivity, by Research Centre Imarat (RCI), that could track and distinguish targets at long distances. The first trials of the new seeker were carried out on 29 July 2013 in hot desert conditions in Rajasthan.[25] The evaluation trials of the missile with the improved seeker were carried out in August and September 2013 and provided fairly accurate results. Performance trials were expected to begin in early 2014.[57]
  • Nag scored a "bull's eye", successfully hitting a target 4 km away during a night trial in the Mahajan Field Firing Range, Rajasthan, in January 2016. During the test, the Thermal Target System (TTS) developed by a DRDO laboratory at Jodhpur was used as target for the missile. The TTS simulated a target similar to an operational tank by generating a thermal signature. The trial validated the enhanced 4-km range capability of the IIR seeker, which guides the missile to the target after its launch.[28][29]
Nag Missile System (NAMIS) in Indian Army Service
  • The missile was tested successfully on 5 June 2017 at its maximum range of 4 km (2.5 mi) in hot-desert conditions in a daytime trial at the Chandan Field Firing Range near Jaisalmer, Rajasthan, with a successful follow-up test taking place on 13 June 2017. DRDO shared that the trials which concluded were successful for the extreme-heat daytime conditions of the desert.[58]
  • On 8 September 2017, MoD announced that the DRDO had twice successfully flight-tested the missile against two different targets in two tests in the ranges of Rajasthan. The missile successfully hit both targets at different ranges and under different conditions with very high accuracy, as desired by the armed forces. With these two successful flight trials, and the flight test conducted earlier in peak of summer, the complete functionality of the Nag ATGM, along with the NAMICA launcher system, was established, marking the successful completion of development trials of the Nag missile.[59] In 2017, however, the Army said that the developmental trials of Nag carried out earlier had only demonstrated partial success and that many more user trials would be needed.[42] In 2017, the DRDO claimed that the Nag missile would be ready within four years.[60]
NAMIS at Pokhran Test Range on 28 February 2018.
  • The missile was again declared ready for induction on 28 February 2018, after a test in which two tanks destroyed in desert conditions.[30][31][32]
  • On 7 July 2019, the DRDO carried out three successful trials of the Nag missile in the Pokhran firing range. The missiles were tested during both day and night. The missile was reportedly in the final stages of being inducted.[61] The Nag missile was successfully tested 12 times between 7 and 18 July 2019.[62] It was tested under extreme weather conditions during day and night, in indirect attack mode as well as in top attack mode, and achieved a direct hit on each target. These trials completed the summer user trials and the missile was expected to proceed towards induction into the Indian Army.[40][45]
  • On 22 October 2020, India successfully carried out the final trial of the Nag anti-tank guided missile from NAMICA, after which the weapon system is now ready for induction into the Indian Army.[63][37]
  • The Indian Army successfully tested an upgraded anti-tank guided missile, on 13 February 2024. The missile struck dummy targets at the Pokhran field shooting range, where the army is conducting weapon tests as part of a war game.[64]
MPATGM with tripod launcher

MP-ATGM

[edit]
Main article: MPATGM

The Man Portable Anti-tank Guided Missile (MP-ATGM) is an Indian-made third-generation anti-tank guided missile derived from the Nag missile. Recently, DRDO confirmed its production to start in 2021.[65] The missile is under user trials phase of development.[66]

HELINA/Dhruvastra

[edit]
HELINA fired from HAL Rudra

HELINA (Helicopter-launched Nag) is air-launched version of the Nag with extended range. HELINA has a range of 7 km which will put the enemy tank commanders in curved terrain at severe disadvantages. The missile weighs only 43 kg which will not cause any burden in limiting conditions of the rarefied atmosphere over Ladakh. In terms of firepower, HELINA can penetrate armour as thick as 800mm which is more than enough for penetrating the armour of the light and medium weight tanks operated in the frontier. It is launched from twin-tube stub wing-mounted launchers on board HAL Rudra helicopters and HAL Prachand manufactured by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).[67] It is structurally different from Nag and is guided by an imaging infrared (IIR) seeker operating in a lock-on-before-launch mode for target engagement.[68] It supports both top attack and direct attack functionality.[69]

  1. The first ground launch of the missile to check lock-on after launch (LOAL) capability were conducted in 2011 during which the missile was locked onto a target and launched. While the missile was in flight, a second target was chosen for the missile to hit, which the missile destroyed. This demonstrated the capability of the missile to lock onto and hit a target while in mid-flight.[70] In the ground-launched LOAL test, the missile was launched in the general direction of the target. On approaching the target, images of the area ahead were sent from the missile to the operator via a two-way, radio frequency, command-video data link. The operator identified the target in the images and updated the new target location into the seeker, after which the missile homed in on the target and destroyed it.[4]
  2. On 13 July 2015, three trials of HELINA were conducted by HAL at the Chandhan firing range in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan. The missiles were test-fired from a HAL Rudra; two missiles succeeded in hitting the targets at a range of 7 km, while one reportedly missed the target.[71] After successful image capturing trials in Bangalore, DRDO planned to test HELINA with an updated 640×512-pixel resolution IIR seeker instead of the original 128×128-pixel resolution seeker in September 2016 for the Army Aviation Corps under hot desert conditions, with moving and static targets, for different range parameters.[72]
  3. On 19 August 2018, HELINA was successfully test-fired from a HAL Prachand at the Pokhran Test Range.[73]
  4. DRDO and the Indian Army tested HELINA with a range of 7–8 km from the Integrated Test Range (ITR) in Chandipur, Odisha, on 8 February 2019 to check the maximum missile range and accuracy.[74] The HELINA user trial was expected to be completed by 2020.[75]
  5. The Indian Armed Forces successfully test fired the helicopter-launched Nag Missile (HELINA), now named Dhruvastra anti-tank guided missile in direct and top attack mode that is upgraded with new features. This variant is for the Indian Air Force.[76] Three developmental flight trials were conducted from 15 to 16 July 2020 at Integrated Test Range, Balasore, Odisha from a ground based launcher.[77]
  6. On 19 February 2021, Army variant HELINA and Air Force variant Dhruvastra have successfully demonstrated their capabilities in a series of multi-mission user trials from HAL Rudra and is ready for induction into the Indian Armed Forces.[78]
  7. On 12 April 2022, HELINA was test fired from HAL Rudra in Pokhran.[79] The trials has paved way for the final integration on to the HAL Rudra (Dhruv Mk IV/Dhruv WSI) platform of the Army.[80]

HELINA completed all kind of user trials as of 20 September 2021. The Indian Army is ready for the missile acquisition which is expected to cost under ₹1 crore (equivalent to ₹1.1 crore or US$130,000 in 2023). The initial demand is of 500 missiles and 40 launcher tubes.[81] The Acceptance of Necessity (AoN), worth ₹700 crore (US$84 million), for the procurement of more than 200 units of Dhruvastra (Air Force variant) for HAL Rudra was cleared by the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) on 15 September 2023.[82][83]

SANT

[edit]
SANT missile fired from Mi-24

SANT or Standoff Anti-tank Guided Missile is a fourth generation upgraded variant of HELINA missile developed for long distance airborne anti-armour role.[84] In November 2018, DRDO developed SANT was successfully tested at Pokhran range.[85] The upgraded version of the missile is equipped with electro-optical thermal imager (EO/IR) and a new nose-mounted millimeter wave active radar homing (MMW) seeker with an extended range of up to 15 km to 20 km.[86]

On 19 October 2020, SANT was again test fired by the DRDO at Chandipur test range. It is developed for the Indian Air Force and Army Aviation Corps with Lock-on after launch and Lock-on before launch capabilities.[87][88]

On 11 December 2021, DRDO and IAF flight-tested SANT from Pokhran ranges. The release mechanism, guidance and tracking algorithms, avionics with integrated software performed well.[89]

See also

[edit]

Comparable weapons
Related lists

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Dinakar Peri (19 September 2021). "Anti-tank missile completes all trials". The Hindu. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  2. ^ Gady, Franz-Stefan (9 July 2019). "India Successfully Test Fires Indigenous Anti-Tank Guided Missile". Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  3. ^ Army Technology (12 September 2019). "Nag Anti-Tank Guided Missile". Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  4. ^ a b Ajai Shukla (8 March 2010). "Army opts for Nag missile as it enters final trials". Business Standard India. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  5. ^ TNN (30 November 2018). "Upgraded SANT missile successfully flight tested". The Times of India. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
  6. ^ Sawhney, Pravin. "Dr G. Satheesh Reddy (DoD R&D), Defence Research and Development Organisation". Force. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  7. ^ Mallikarjun, Y. (24 July 2016). "DRDO scientists to develop advanced seekers for tactical missiles". The Hindu. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  8. ^ Rohit KVN (1 March 2018). "DRDO successfully tests NAG: 8 facts about India's deadly anti-tank missile". International Business Times. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  9. ^ KVN, Rohit (1 March 2018). "DRDO successfully tests NAG: 8 facts about India's deadly anti-tank missile". International Business Times, India Edition. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
  10. ^ "Indian Army Nag vs US Army FGM-148 Javelin |Anti Tank Missile Comparison|Controversy". AerMech.IN. 16 December 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  11. ^ "Anti-tank Nag missile 'Helina's' trial conducted". The Times of India. 24 September 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  12. ^ "Kalam's unrealised 'Nag' missile dream to become reality next year". The Times of India. 30 July 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
  13. ^ "DRDO's 'Nag' missile tests successful; ready for induction". Outlook. Press Trust of India. 6 August 2008.
  14. ^ KVN, Rohit (1 March 2018). "DRDO successfully tests NAG: 8 facts about India's deadly anti-tank missile". International Business Times, India Edition. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  15. ^ Franz-Stefan Gady. "India's New Anti-Tank Guided Missile Destroys 2 Tanks in Test". The Diplomat.
  16. ^ "India's Nag ATGM ready for series production, says MoD". Jane's 360. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
  17. ^ Defence News, Indian Defence News, IDRW, Indian Armed Forces, The Indian Hawk (21 October 2020). "India's Anti-Tank Missile Nag Test-Fired in Pokhran, Ready For Ladakh Deployment". The Indian Hawk. Retrieved 21 October 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ a b c d e f g "Nag ATGM". Bharat Rakshak. 28 February 2009. Archived from the original on 7 March 2012.
  19. ^ "NAG missile for Army, long-range guns for Navy". 27 April 2018.
  20. ^ a b c d "Nag test-fired again". The Hindu. 7 August 2008. Archived from the original on 13 August 2008. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  21. ^ "India Clears Anti-Tank Nag Missile for Production". Retrieved 6 February 2015.[dead link‍]
  22. ^ a b c "Nag's final validation trials completed". The Hindu. 16 July 2010. Archived from the original on 17 July 2010. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  23. ^ a b c "Nag's final validation trials completed". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 16 July 2010. Archived from the original on 17 July 2010.
  24. ^ a b "Nag induction likely to be delayed". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 19 April 2011. Archived from the original on 20 April 2011.
  25. ^ a b Y. Mallikarjun (30 July 2013). "Seeker evaluation trials for Nag carried out in Rajasthan". The Hindu. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  26. ^ a b c "300 Nag anti-tank missiles to be inducted in Indian Army soon". India Today. 22 April 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  27. ^ "Bengaluru: 1.2m trisonic wind tunnel at National Aerospace Laboratories completes 55 years of service". ANI. 6 June 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2024.
  28. ^ a b Mallikarjun, Y. (15 January 2016). "Nag missile hits bull's eye with modified seeker". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 13 September 2019.
  29. ^ a b "BANG ON: NAG Hits Bull's Eye in Final Developmental Trials". Retrieved 13 September 2019.
  30. ^ a b "Successful Flight Test of ATGM Nag". pib.nic.in. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  31. ^ a b Gady, Franz-Stefan. "India's New Anti-Tank Guided Missile Destroys 2 Tanks in Test". The Diplomat. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  32. ^ a b "Anti-tank missile Nag successfully tested, induction-ready now". The Economic Times. 28 February 2018. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  33. ^ "Army To Get Nag Anti Tank Guided Missiles In 2019, Says DRDO Chief". 14 April 2018.
  34. ^ Gady, Franz-Stefan (25 February 2019). "India's New Anti-Tank Guided Missile to Enter Production By End of 2019". The Diplomat. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
  35. ^ "DAC Approves Capital Acquisition Proposals Worth Rs 3,687 Crore". Press Information Bureau. 27 April 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  36. ^ Gurung, Shaurya Karanbir (27 April 2018). "DAC approves procurement of Nag missile system, 13 guns". The Economic Times. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  37. ^ a b Suciu, Peter (13 November 2020). "Meet the NAG: How Does India's Anti-Tank Missile Stack Up?". The National Interest. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  38. ^ "Indian Army Nag vs US Army FGM-148 Javelin | Anti Tank Missile Comparison | Controversy". AerMech.IN. 16 December 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  39. ^ Desk, India com Education (15 January 2016). "DRDO successfully test fired its fire-and-forget anti-tank missile Nag". India.com. Retrieved 13 September 2019. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  40. ^ a b c "Indian Army successfully carries out trials of third generation NAG missiles". India Today. 19 July 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  41. ^ defenceupdate (28 December 2015). "Nag Missile:-India's indigenous anti tank guided missile". Indian Defence Update. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  42. ^ a b Raghuvanshi, Vivek (29 September 2017). "Indian Army wants more tests before ordering homemade anti-tank missile".
  43. ^ a b "Nag missile testfired". The Hindu. 6 August 2008. Archived from the original on 9 August 2008. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  44. ^ "Namica amphibious trial successful". The Hindu. 8 August 2008. Archived from the original on 15 August 2008. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  45. ^ a b office_zzam. "Indian army unveils NAMICA new anti-tank tracked armored vehicle". armyrecognition.com. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  46. ^ Joshi, Manas (18 August 2020). "NAG Missile Carrier NAMICA boosts Indian Army's firepower". indiatvnews.com. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
  47. ^ Staff Writer (14 August 2020). "Defence Minister Rajnath Singh launches 15 products developed by Defence PSUs". Livemint. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
  48. ^ "NAMICA MK2 Prioritizes Battlefield Versatility: Reduced Missile Loadout, Added 30mm Cannon". Defence.in. 25 March 2024. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  49. ^ "चीन-PAK के टैंकों-बख्तरबंद वाहनों को भस्म कर देगा डीआरडीओ का नया हथियार NAG-Mk2". आज तक (in Hindi). 19 August 2024. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  50. ^ "Nag Missile to be tested by Indian Army in July". Frontier India. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  51. ^ "Archive News". The Hindu. 26 December 2008. Archived from the original on 28 June 2009. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  52. ^ "Two flight tests of Nag missile successful". The Hindu. 29 December 2008. Archived from the original on 15 February 2009. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  53. ^ "Army may induct Nag missile soon". The Hindu. 31 December 2008. Archived from the original on 28 June 2009. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  54. ^ Y. Mallikarjun. "Nag hits target in three seconds after launch". The Hindu. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  55. ^ "Archive News". The Hindu. 14 June 2010. Archived from the original on 10 May 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  56. ^ "India's Nag missile completes final validation test". Brahmand News.
  57. ^ "Nag evaluation trials successful". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 24 August 2013.
  58. ^ "Prospina successfully hits 4-km target during trials". The Times of India.
  59. ^ "Successful Flight Test of 3rd Generation Anti Tank Guided Missile – NAG" (Press release). Press Information Bureau. 9 September 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
  60. ^ Gurung, Shaurya Karanbir (27 April 2018). "DAC approves procurement of Nag missile system, 13 guns". The Economic Times.
  61. ^ "DRDO carries out three successful Nag missile tests in one day in Pokhran". The Economic Times. 8 July 2019. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  62. ^ "Nag Missile Successfully Test-Fired 12 Times in 11-Day Period at Pokhran". NDTV.com. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  63. ^ "Final trial of Nag Missile successful, ready for induction in Army". BW BusinessWorld.
  64. ^ "Indian Army tests improved anti-tank missile Nag in Pokhran". The Times of India. 14 February 2024. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
  65. ^ "Aero India 2019: DRDO details short-range MPATGM | Jane's 360". janes.com. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  66. ^ "DRDO & Indian Army conduct successful trials of indigenous Man Portable Anti-tank Guided Missile Weapon System". pib.gov.in. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  67. ^ "The DRDO has to develop a MPATGM for the Indian Army". Force. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
  68. ^ "Helicopter-launched anti-tank missile 'Helina' test-fired". The Economic Times. 8 February 2019. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  69. ^ "Anti-Tank Guided Missile Helina will soon add to the Indian defence arsenal". NewsOnAIR -. 20 September 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  70. ^ Bhatia, Vimal (24 September 2013). "Anti-tank Nag missile 'Helina's' trial conducted". The Times of India. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  71. ^ "3 Helinas Test-Fired, 2 Hit Target". defense-aerospace.com.
  72. ^ Tur, Jatinder Kaur (27 June 2016). "HeliNa set for September showdown". The Times of India. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
  73. ^ "Indigenous anti-tank guided missile system HELINA successfully flight tested". The Times of India. 23 August 2018. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  74. ^ "Helicopter-Launched Anti-Tank Missile 'Helina' Test-Fired". News18. 8 February 2019. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
  75. ^ "Interview: Youngsters can power India into a defence technology leader: Dr Satheesh Reddy". OnManorama. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
  76. ^ Waje, Hemant (23 July 2020). "India test fires anti-tank guided missile 'Dhruvastra'". Rediff. PTI. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
  77. ^ "India successfully test fires Dhruvastra – Helicopter launched anti-tank missile". India TV. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  78. ^ "Anti-tank missiles Helina and Dhruvastra successfully tested, ready for induction in armed forces". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
  79. ^ "India carries out successful flight-test of anti-tank guided missile Helina in Pokhran". The Indian Express. 11 April 2022. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  80. ^ "DRDO HELINA ATGM Cleared on Indian Rudra Armed Helicopter". GBP. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
  81. ^ Peri, Dinakar (19 September 2021). "Anti-tank missile completes all trials". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  82. ^ "Another boost to Aatmanirbharta in Defence: DAC approves AoN for nine capital acquisition proposals for the Armed Forces worth Rs 45,000 crore". PIB. 15 September 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2024.
  83. ^ "Nod for Rs 45,000cr defence buys, 12 more Sukhois to fly in". The Times of India. 16 September 2023. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 8 November 2024.
  84. ^ "SANT missile clears crucial developmental trial off Odisha coast". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  85. ^ "2018: Landmark year for DRDO". The New Indian Express. 31 December 2018.
  86. ^ "Upgraded SANT missile successfully flight tested". The Times of India. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
  87. ^ "India successfully test-fires SANT missile with 'Lock-on After Launch' & 'Lock-on Before Launch' capabilities". Times now digital.
  88. ^ "India successfully tests anti-tank missile 'SANT' from Chandipur test range". Orissa Post. 19 October 2020.
  89. ^ Rout, Hemant Kumar (11 December 2021). "IAF, DRDO test fire Stand-Off Anti-Tank missile from Pokhran ranges". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nag missiles.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nag_(missile)&oldid=1258908091"