Giant malleefowl

Giant malleefowl; Temporal range: Pliocene–Pleistocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Fossil remains from the Naracoote Caves
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Galliformes
Family:	Megapodiidae
Genus:	†Progura; (De Vis, 1888)
Species
	† P. gallinacea; † P. campestris;

Progura is an extinct genus of megapode that was native to Australia. It was described from Plio-Pleistocene deposits at the Darling Downs and Chinchilla in southeastern Queensland by Charles De Vis.

Taxonomy

Comparison of Australian megapodes showed that Progura was closely related to the living malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata), though the fossil species P. gallinacea was considerably larger than the living one. A second species, P. naracoortensis, was described in 1974 by van Tets from deposits in the Naracoorte Caves of southeastern South Australia with differing size and leg proportions. It was formerly considered a synonym of P. gallinacea, on the grounds of sexual dimorphism.^[1] However in a 2017 review of Cenozoic megapodes, P. naracoortensis was found to be distinct from P. gallinacea and therefore reassigned to the genus Latagallina ^[2] In the 2017 review, a new second species, Progura campestris was created for Pleistocene material from the Nullarbor Plain.

Description

Its weight was estimated by van Tets to vary from 4–7 kg (8-15 lb). The proportions of the long bones were similar to, though larger and more robust than, those of the malleefowl, and it had a relatively broader bill, head and body. The deep keel on the sternum indicates that it was capable of flight.^[3] The thylacine may have been a predator of Progura, as it was adapted to killing large ground-dwelling birds (since its comparatively moderate bite force was more suited to hollow avian bones), such as the Tasmanian nativehen and Tasmanian emu.^[4]

Eggs

Eggs previously assigned to Genyornis are now considered to have belonged to the giant malleefowl.^[5] Therefore, data on dromornithid diet and chronology can actually be ascribed to this bird, instead.^[6] It is believed that P. gallinacea buried its eggs in warm sand or soil.^[7]

References

^ Boles, W.E. (2008). "Systematics of the fossil Australian giant megapodes Progura (Aves: Megapodiidae)". Oryctos. 7: 195–295.
^ Elen shute; Gavin J.Prideaux; Trevor H.Worthy (2017). "Taxonomic review of the late Cenozoic megapodes (Galliformes: Megapodiidae) of Australia". Royal Society Open Science. 4 (6): 170233. doi:10.1098/rsos.170233. PMC 5493918. PMID 28680676.
^ Rich, P.V.; van Tets, G.F.; Knight, F., eds. (1985). Kadimakara: Extinct Vertebrates of Australia. Melbourne: Pioneer Design Studio. pp. 195–199. ISBN 0-909674-26-4.
^ Tall turkeys and nuggety chickens: large 'megapode' birds once lived across Australia 14 June, 2017 10.49am AEST
^ Grellet-Tinner, Gerald; Spooner, Nigel A.; Worthy, Trevor H. (February 2016). "Is the Genyornis egg of a mihirung or another extinct bird from the Australian dreamtime?". Quaternary Science Reviews. 133: 147–164. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.12.011. hdl:2328/35952.
^ A case of mistaken identity for Australia’s extinct big bird
^ "Ancient bird like 'a kangaroo-sized flying turkey'". BBC News. 2017-06-14. Retrieved 2017-06-15.

Taxonomy

Description

Eggs

References

Further reading