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Production of peaches in California

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California is the largest grower of peaches in the United States, producing about 70% of the total.[1]

Mountain Fruit Co.'s shipment for eastern markets, Placer County, 1922
Picking crew in the San Fernando Valley, 1890
San Fernando Valley harvest, 1890
George Clings, Carleton E. Watkins, 1889, now in the MoMA
On sale at a grocery store in Fortuna, 2014
Grocery store in Fortuna, 2014
San Francisco Farmers' Market, 2014
Peach blossoms, Redlands
Redlands
Blooming trees, Redlands
Redlands
Fortuna Farmers' Market, 2016
Yokuts woman and two boys preparing peaches on the Tule River Reservation ~1900AD
Yokuts, Tule River Reservation ~1900AD
Yuba City
Yokuts women and children preparing peaches on the Tule River Reservation ~1900AD
Yokuts, Tule River Reservation ~1900AD
Manzanar
Redlands

The California Freestone Peach Association (CFPA)[2] and California Canning Peach Association/California Cling Peach Board (CCPA)[2][3] represent the industry.[4] (Although the CFPA is a separate incorporation, it has always been operated by the CCPA's staff.) The overwhelming majority of the country's peaches are grown here, in 2020 468,000 short tons (425,000 t) for sales of $308.3 million.[5] Since 1980 the total value of the harvest has been slightly increasing.[5] The acreage (hectares) planted in peach has been declining however, down to 73,000 acres (30,000 ha) as of 2020.[5]

Economics

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In 2014, California lead US peach production, followed by South Carolina, then Georgia.[6]

As of 2021 cling deliveries for processing purposes have been on a downward trend for years.[7] From 430,000 short tons (390,000 t) in 2010, delivered tonnage declined to 225,000 short tons (204,000 t) in 2021.[7] Cling yield shows no clear trend over the same time, bouncing between 18.1 short tons per acre (41 t/ha) and 15.3 short tons per acre (34 t/ha).[7]

Prices have been trending mostly upward, from $317 per short ton ($349/t) in 2012 to $518 per short ton ($571/t).[7]

CCPA expects 2022 deliveries to be between 214,200–232,400 short tons (194,300–210,800 t) from a yield of 15.3–16.6 short tons per acre (34–37 t/ha).[7]

Breeding of peach

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UCD hosts one of the major breeding programs in the country.[8] Most of the private breeding programs for peach in the country are found in California, with a significant amount of the public breeding also being performed here but also elsewhere in the country.[8]

Cultivars of peach

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UCANR recommends[9] cultivars for the state:

Pests of peach

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See Cal ag § Colletotrichum acutatum for the cause of Peach Anthracnose here.[14]

Arthropods in peach

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The most common insect pests are:[15]

Diseases of peach

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The most common unicellular diseases are:[15]

UC IPM provides information about commonly used fungicides[16] and fungicide efficacy. (See also Cal ag § Fungicides.)

Peach Yellow Leaf Roll was first discovered in the Sacramento Valley in 1948, but remained uncommon until an epidemic in the late 1970s and early 1980s.[17] For the causative organism see Cal ag § Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri.

Nematode diseases of peach

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The most common nematode diseases are:[18]

Weeds in peach

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The most common weeds are:[15]

Integrated pest management in peach

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Regional Integrated Pest Management Centers (Regional IPM Centers) hosts a suggested IPM plan for peach.[19] UC IPM provides even more detailed integrated pest management information.[15]

Fungal disease IPM in peach

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UC IPM recommends treatment timings[20] and resistance management practices[21] specifically for peach IPM.

References

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  1. ^ "FE1016/FE1016: Establishment and Production Costs for Peach Orchards in Florida: Enterprise Budget and Profitability Analysis". Electronic Data Information Source. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. February 26, 2021. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
  2. ^ a b "Cal Peach". California Canning Peach Association. December 15, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2022.
  3. ^ "California Cling Peaches". California Cling Peach Board. Retrieved July 6, 2022.
  4. ^ California Department of Food and Agriculture (2006). "California Agricultural Directory" (PDF).
  5. ^ a b c "Peaches". Agricultural Marketing Resource Center, USDA. July 11, 2022. Retrieved July 11, 2022.
  6. ^ Kathryn C. Taylor (August 15, 2003). "Peaches". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Georgia Humanities Council and the University of Georgia Press. Archived from the original on July 5, 2015. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
  7. ^ a b c d e "Research – Cal Peach". Cal Peach. December 15, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2022.
  8. ^ a b Iezzoni, Amy F.; McFerson, Jim; Luby, James; Gasic, Ksenija; Whitaker, Vance; Bassil, Nahla; Yue, Chengyan; Gallardo, Karina; McCracken, Vicki; Coe, Michael; Hardner, Craig; Zurn, Jason D.; Hokanson, Stan; van de Weg, Eric; Jung, Sook; Main, Dorrie; da Silva Linge, Cassia; Vanderzande, Stijn; Davis, Thomas M.; Mahoney, Lise L.; Finn, Chad; Peace, Cameron (November 1, 2020). "RosBREED: bridging the chasm between discovery and application to enable DNA-informed breeding in rosaceous crops". Horticulture Research. 7 (1). Nature + Nanjing Agricultural University: 177. doi:10.1038/s41438-020-00398-7. ISSN 2662-6810. PMC 7603521. PMID 33328430. S2CID 226217178.
  9. ^ Agriculture, University of California; Resources, Natural. "California Varieties – Fruit Report". Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Retrieved July 6, 2022.
  10. ^ "Last Bite—A peach with longevity". Good Fruit Grower. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
  11. ^ Stone, Jenny (January 7, 2020). "The O'Henry Peach" (PDF). Garden Club of Palo Alto.
  12. ^ Karp, David (May 23, 2001). "Gems Among the Stones". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
  13. ^ "Prunus Cultivar: O'Henry". Foundation Plant Services. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
  14. ^ Dowling, Madeline; Peres, Natalia; Villani, Sara; Schnabel, Guido (2020). "Managing Colletotrichum on Fruit Crops: A "Complex" Challenge". Plant Disease. 104 (9). American Phytopathological Society: 2301–2316. doi:10.1094/pdis-11-19-2378-fe. ISSN 0191-2917. PMID 32689886. S2CID 219479598.
  15. ^ a b c d "Peach / Agriculture: Pest Management". UC Integrated Pest Management. UC Agriculture.
  16. ^ "General Properties of Fungicides Used in Peaches / Peach / Agriculture: Pest Management". UC Integrated Pest Management. UC Agriculture.
  17. ^ Bragard, Claude; Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina; Gonthier, Paolo; Jaques, Josep; Justesen, Annemarie; MacLeod, Alan; Magnusson, Christer; Milonas, Panagiotis; Navas‐Cortes, Juan; Parnell, Stephen; Potting, Roel; Reignault, Philippe Lucien; Thulke, Hans; Van der Werf, Wopke; Civera, Antonio; Yuen, Jonathan; Zappalà, Lucia; Bosco, Domenico; Chiumenti, Michela; Di Serio, Francesco; Galetto, Luciana; Marzachì, Cristina; Pautasso, Marco; Jacques, Marie (2020). "Pest categorisation of the non‐EU phytoplasmas of Cydonia Mill., Fragaria L., Malus Mill., Prunus L., Pyrus L., Ribes L., Rubus L. and Vitis L." EFSA Journal. 18 (1). John Wiley and Sons Ltd (European Food Safety Authority): e05929. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2020.5929. ISSN 1831-4732. PMC 7008834. PMID 32626484. S2CID 214229451.
  18. ^ "Nematodes Agriculture: Peach Pest Management Guidelines". UC Integrated Pest Management. UC Agriculture.
  19. ^ "2008 PMSP for Peach Production in California". Regional Integrated Pest Management Centers Database. California Tree Fruit Agreement, California Canning Peach Association, California Minor Crops Council. May 4, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
  20. ^ "Treatment Timing for Key Diseases / Peach / Agriculture: Pest Management". UC Integrated Pest Management. UC Agriculture.
  21. ^ "Fungicide Resistance Management / Peach / Agriculture: Pest Management". UC Integrated Pest Management. UC Agriculture.
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