Prodelphinidin
Prodelphinidin is a name for the polymeric tannins composed of gallocatechin.[1][2][3] It yields delphinidin during depolymerisation under oxidative conditions.
Natural occurrences
[edit]Prodelphinidins are one of the two sorts of tannins in grape (the other being procyanidins) being produced especially in the skin of the berry.[4]
Prodelphinidins can be found in Cistus salviifolius.[5] Gallocatechin-(4→8)-catechin (prodelphinidin B3), gallocatechin-(4→8)-gallocatechin and catechin-(4→8)-gallocatechin can be found in the pomegranate peels.[6] Prodelphinidin B-2 3'-O-gallate can be found in green tea leaves[7] and prodelphinidin B-2 3,3'-di-O-gallate can be found in Myrica rubra.[8]
Particular oligomeric prodelphinidins
[edit]Prodelphinidin B3 (gallocatechin-(4α→8)-catechin) and prodelphinidin B9 (epigallocatechin-(4α→8)-catechin) can be isolated in beer.[9][10] Prodelphinidin C2 (gallocatechin-(4α→8)-gallocatechin-(4α→8)-catechin) can be isolated in malt.[11]
The A-type proanthocyanidin epigallocatechin-(2β→7,4β→8)-epicatechin can be found in the leaves of Dioclea lasiophylla,[12]
See also
[edit]- Crofelemer, a complex mixture of procyanidins and prodelphinidins from the latex of the South American tree Croton lechleri (locally called Sangre de Grado or Sangre de Drago)
References
[edit]- ^ Porter, 1992
- ^ Rahima, Afidah A.; Roccab, Emmanuel; Steinmetzb, Jean; Kassima, M. Jain; Ibrahima, M. Sani; Osman, Hasnah (1 March 2008). "Antioxidant activities of mangrove Rhizophora apiculata bark extracts". Food Chemistry. 107 (1): 200–207. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.08.005.
- ^ Prodelphinidin polymers: definition of structural units. Lai Yeap Foo and Lawrence J. Porter. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1978, pp. 1186–1190, doi:10.1039/P19780001186
- ^ Polymeric proanthocyanidins from grape skins. Jean-Marc Souquet, Véronique Cheynier, Franck Brossaud and Michel Moutounet, Phytochemistry, volume 43, Issue 2, September 1996, Pages 509–512, doi:10.1016/0031-9422(96)00301-9
- ^ Flavan-3-ols, prodelphinidins and further polyphenols from Cistus salvifolius. Andreas Danne, Frank Petereit and Adolf Nahrstedt, Phytochemistry, Volume 37, Issue 2, 1994, Pages 533–538, doi:10.1016/0031-9422(94)85094-1
- ^ Antioxidant properties of gallocatechin and prodelphinidins from pomegranate peel. Plumb G. W., de Pascual-Teresa S, Santos-Buelga C, Rivas-Gonzalo J. C and Williamson G, Redox Report, February 2002, Volume 7, Number 1, pages 41–46, doi:10.1179/135100002125000172
- ^ Cheng HY, Lin CC, Lin TC (July 2002). "Antiviral properties of prodelphinidin B-2 3'-O-gallate from green tea leaf". Antivir. Chem. Chemother. 13 (4): 223–229. doi:10.1177/095632020201300403. PMID 12495210.
- ^ Cheng HY, Lin TC, Ishimaru K, Yang CM, Wang KC, Lin CC (October 2003). "In vitro antiviral activity of prodelphinidin B-2 3,3'-di-O-gallate from Myrica rubra". Planta Med. 69 (10): 953–956. doi:10.1055/s-2003-45108. PMID 14648402.
- ^ Delcour, Jan (1985). Structure elucidation of proanthocyanidins: Direct synthesis and isolation from Pilsener beer (PhD thesis). Katholieke Universiteit Leuven.
- ^ Phenolic Compounds in Beer. Clarissa Gerhäuser and Hans Becker, Beer in Health and Disease Prevention, 2009 (article)
- ^ Papagiannopoulos, Menelaos; Zimmermann, Benno; Mellenthin, Annett; Krappe, Martin; Maio, Giovanni; Galensa, Rudolf (7 June 2002). "Online coupling of pressurized liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography for automated analysis of proanthocyanidins in malt". Journal of Chromatography A. 958 (1–2): 9–16. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(02)00364-3. PMID 12134835.
- ^ Barreiros, André L. B. S.; David, Juceni P.; de Queiroz, Luciano P.; David, Jorge M. (December 2000). "A-type proanthocyanidin antioxidant from Dioclea lasiophylla". Phytochemistry. 55 (7): 805–808. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00297-1. PMID 11190400.