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President pro tempore of Mercosur

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President pro tempore of Mercosur
Presidente pro tempore do Mercosul (Portuguese)
Presidente pro tempore de Mercosur (Spanish)
Flag of Mercosur in Spanish and Portuguese
Incumbent
Paraguay Santiago Peña
since 7 December 2023
StyleMr. President (informal)
The Most Excellent (formal)
His Excellency (alternative formal, diplomatic)
Term lengthApproximately 6 months
Constituting instrumentTreaty of Asunción
Inaugural holderCarlos Menem
Websitewww.mercosur.int

The President pro tempore of Mercosur (PPT) is the highest legal-political representative pro tempore of the Southern Common Market (Mercosul). The office is held for a six-month period by a head of State of one of the State members. It is alternated, in alphabetical order, among the presidents of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela (suspended from the organization).

The ceremonial mallet given to the holders of President pro tempore of Mercosur is a handicraft gavel, which is given to every new holder.[1][2]

State members

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List

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No. Portrait President Took office Left office Time in office Country
1
Carlos Menem
Carlos Menem
(1930–2021)
29 November 1991 (1991-11-29)1 July 1992 (1992-07-01)215 days Argentina
2
Fernando Collor
Fernando Collor
(born 1939)
1 July 1992 (1992-07-01)1 January 1993 (1993-01-01)184 days Brazil
3
Andrés Rodríguez
Andrés Rodríguez
(1923–1997)
1 January 1993 (1993-01-01)1 July 1993 (1993-07-01)181 days Paraguay
4
Luis Alberto Lacalle
Luis Alberto Lacalle
(born 1941)
1 July 1993 (1993-07-01)1 January 1994 (1994-01-01)184 days Uruguay
5
Carlos Menem
Carlos Menem
(1930–2021)
1 January 1994 (1994-01-01)1 July 1994 (1994-07-01)181 days Argentina
6
Itamar Franco
Itamar Franco
(1929–2011)
1 July 1994 (1994-07-01)1 January 1995 (1995-01-01)184 days Brazil
7
Juan Carlos Wasmosy
Juan Carlos Wasmosy
(born 1938)
1 January 1995 (1995-01-01)1 July 1995 (1995-07-01)181 days Paraguay
8
Julio María Sanguinetti
Julio María Sanguinetti
(born 1936)
1 July 1995 (1995-07-01)1 January 1996 (1996-01-01)184 days Uruguay
9
Carlos Menem
Carlos Menem
(1930–2021)
1 January 1996 (1996-01-01)1 July 1996 (1996-07-01)182 days Argentina
10
Fernando Henrique Cardoso
Fernando Henrique Cardoso
(born 1931)
1 July 1996 (1996-07-01)1 January 1997 (1997-01-01)184 days Brazil
11
Juan Carlos Wasmosy
Juan Carlos Wasmosy
(born 1938)
1 January 1997 (1997-01-01)1 July 1997 (1997-07-01)181 days Paraguay
12
Julio María Sanguinetti
Julio María Sanguinetti
(born 1936)
1 July 1997 (1997-07-01)1 January 1998 (1998-01-01)184 days Uruguay
13
Carlos Menem
Carlos Menem
(1930–2021)
1 January 1998 (1998-01-01)1 July 1998 (1998-07-01)181 days Argentina
14
Fernando Henrique Cardoso
Fernando Henrique Cardoso
(born 1931)
1 July 1998 (1998-07-01)1 January 1999 (1999-01-01)184 days Brazil
15
Raúl Cubas Grau
Raúl Cubas Grau
(born 1943)
1 January 1999 (1999-01-01)28 March 1999 (1999-03-28)86 days Paraguay
16
Luis González Macchi
Luis González Macchi
(born 1947)
28 March 1999 (1999-03-28)1 July 1999 (1999-07-01)95 days Paraguay
17
Julio María Sanguinetti
Julio María Sanguinetti
(born 1936)
1 July 1999 (1999-07-01)1 January 2000 (2000-01-01)184 days Uruguay
18
Fernando de la Rúa
Fernando de la Rúa
(1937–2019)
1 January 2000 (2000-01-01)1 July 2000 (2000-07-01)182 days Argentina
19
Fernando Henrique Cardoso
Fernando Henrique Cardoso
(born 1931)
1 July 2000 (2000-07-01)1 January 2001 (2001-01-01)184 days Brazil
20
Luis González Macchi
Luis González Macchi
(born 1947)
1 January 2001 (2001-01-01)1 July 2001 (2001-07-01)181 days Paraguay
21
Jorge Batlle
Jorge Batlle
(1927–2016)
1 July 2001 (2001-07-01)1 January 2002 (2002-01-01)184 days Uruguay
22
Eduardo Duhalde
Eduardo Duhalde
(born 1941)
1 January 2002 (2002-01-01)1 July 2002 (2002-07-01)181 days Argentina
23
Fernando Henrique Cardoso
Fernando Henrique Cardoso
(born 1931)
1 July 2002 (2002-07-01)1 January 2003 (2003-01-01)184 days Brazil
24
Luis González Macchi
Luis González Macchi
(born 1947)
1 January 2003 (2003-01-01)1 July 2003 (2003-07-01)181 days Paraguay
25
Jorge Batlle
Jorge Batlle
(1927–2016)
1 July 2003 (2003-07-01)1 January 2004 (2004-01-01)184 days Uruguay
26
Néstor Kirchner
Néstor Kirchner
(1950–2010)
1 January 2004 (2004-01-01)1 July 2004 (2004-07-01)182 days Argentina
27
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
(born 1945)
1 July 2004 (2004-07-01)1 January 2005 (2005-01-01)174 days Brazil
28
Nicanor Duarte
Nicanor Duarte
(born 1956)
1 January 2005 (2005-01-01)20 June 2005 (2005-06-20)170 days Paraguay
29
Tabaré Vázquez
Tabaré Vázquez
(1940–2020)
20 June 2005 (2005-06-20)9 December 2005 (2005-12-09)172 days Uruguay
30
Néstor Kirchner
Néstor Kirchner
(1950–2010)
9 December 2005 (2005-12-09)21 July 2006 (2006-07-21)224 days Argentina
31
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
(born 1945)
21 July 2006 (2006-07-21)19 January 2007 (2007-01-19)182 days Brazil
32
Nicanor Duarte
Nicanor Duarte
(born 1956)
19 January 2007 (2007-01-19)29 June 2007 (2007-06-29)161 days Paraguay
33
Tabaré Vázquez
Tabaré Vázquez
(1940–2020)
29 June 2007 (2007-06-29)18 December 2007 (2007-12-18)172 days Uruguay
34
Cristina Kirchner
Cristina Kirchner
(born 1953)
18 December 2007 (2007-12-18)1 July 2008 (2008-07-01)196 days Argentina
35
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
(born 1945)
1 July 2008 (2008-07-01)16 December 2008 (2008-12-16)168 days Brazil
36
Fernando Lugo
Fernando Lugo
(born 1951)
16 December 2008 (2008-12-16)24 July 2009 (2009-07-24)220 days Paraguay
37
Tabaré Vázquez
Tabaré Vázquez
(1940–2020)
24 July 2009 (2009-07-24)8 December 2009 (2009-12-08)137 days Uruguay
38
Cristina Kirchner
Cristina Kirchner
(born 1953)
8 December 2009 (2009-12-08)3 August 2010 (2010-08-03)238 days Argentina
39
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
(born 1945)
3 August 2010 (2010-08-03)17 December 2010 (2010-12-17)136 days Brazil
40
Fernando Lugo
Fernando Lugo
(born 1951)
17 December 2010 (2010-12-17)29 June 2011 (2011-06-29)194 days Paraguay
41
José Mujica
José Mujica
(born 1935)
29 June 2011 (2011-06-29)20 December 2011 (2011-12-20)174 days Uruguay
42
Cristina Kirchner
Cristina Kirchner
(born 1953)
20 December 2011 (2011-12-20)29 June 2012 (2012-06-29)192 days Argentina
43
Dilma Rousseff
Dilma Rousseff
(born 1947)
29 June 2012 (2012-06-29)7 December 2012 (2012-12-07)161 days Brazil
44
José Mujica
José Mujica
(born 1935)
7 December 2012 (2012-12-07)12 July 2013 (2013-07-12)217 days Uruguay
45
Nicolás Maduro
Nicolás Maduro
(born 1962)
12 July 2013 (2013-07-12)29 July 2014 (2014-07-29)1 year, 17 days Venezuela
46
Cristina Kirchner
Cristina Kirchner
(born 1953)
29 July 2014 (2014-07-29)17 December 2014 (2014-12-17)141 days Argentina
47
Dilma Rousseff
Dilma Rousseff
(born 1947)
17 December 2014 (2014-12-17)17 July 2015 (2015-07-17)212 days Brazil
48
Horacio Cartes
Horacio Cartes
(born 1956)
17 July 2015 (2015-07-17)21 December 2015 (2015-12-21)157 days Paraguay
49
Tabaré Vázquez
Tabaré Vázquez
(1940–2020)
21 December 2015 (2015-12-21)29 July 2016 (2016-07-29)221 days Uruguay
Joint presidency[a]
Joint presidency[a]
Acting
13 September 2016 (2016-09-13)14 December 2016 (2016-12-14)92 days Argentina
 Brazil
 Paraguay
 Uruguay
50
Mauricio Macri
Mauricio Macri
(born 1959)
14 December 2016 (2016-12-14)21 July 2017 (2017-07-21)219 days Argentina
51
Michel Temer
Michel Temer
(born 1940)
21 July 2017 (2017-07-21)21 December 2017 (2017-12-21)153 days Brazil
52
Horacio Cartes
Horacio Cartes
(born 1956)
21 December 2017 (2017-12-21)18 June 2018 (2018-06-18)179 days Paraguay
53
Tabaré Vázquez
Tabaré Vázquez
(1940–2020)
18 June 2018 (2018-06-18)18 December 2018 (2018-12-18)183 days Uruguay
54
Mauricio Macri
Mauricio Macri
(born 1959)
18 December 2018 (2018-12-18)17 July 2019 (2019-07-17)211 days Argentina
55
Jair Bolsonaro
Jair Bolsonaro
(born 1955)
17 July 2019 (2019-07-17)5 December 2019 (2019-12-05)141 days Brazil
56
Mario Abdo Benítez
Mario Abdo Benítez
(born 1971)
5 December 2019 (2019-12-05)2 July 2020 (2020-07-02)210 days Paraguay
57
Luis Lacalle Pou
Luis Lacalle Pou
(born 1973)
2 July 2020 (2020-07-02)16 December 2020 (2020-12-16)167 days Uruguay
58
Alberto Fernández
Alberto Fernández
(born 1959)
16 December 2020 (2020-12-16)8 July 2021 (2021-07-08)204 days Argentina
59
Jair Bolsonaro
Jair Bolsonaro
(born 1955)
8 July 2021 (2021-07-08)17 December 2021 (2021-12-17)162 days Brazil
60
Mario Abdo Benítez
Mario Abdo Benítez
(born 1971)
17 December 2021 (2021-12-17)21 July 2022 (2022-07-21)216 days Paraguay
61
Luis Lacalle Pou
Luis Lacalle Pou
(born 1973)
21 July 2022 (2022-07-21)6 December 2022 (2022-12-06)138 days Uruguay
62
Alberto Fernández
Alberto Fernández
(born 1959)
6 December 2022 (2022-12-06)4 July 2023 (2023-07-04)210 days Argentina
63
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
(born 1945)
4 July 2023 (2023-07-04)7 December 2023 (2023-12-07)156 days Brazil
64
Santiago Peña
Santiago Peña
(born 1978)
7 December 2023 (2023-12-07)Incumbent330 days Paraguay

Notes

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  1. ^ Venezuelan Foreign Minister Delcy Rodríguez, appointed by Nicolás Maduro as representative for the presidency, was blocked from assuming office by the others State members. Venezuela was later suspended from the organization on 1 December 2016.[4][5]

References

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  1. ^ "Mujica assume presidência do Mercosul e diz que "fará o possível"". Terra (in Brazilian Portuguese). 7 December 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  2. ^ "Em cúpula, Brasil passa ao Uruguai presidência do Mercosul". ExpressoMT (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 5 January 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  3. ^ "Países do Mercosul". Mercosul (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  4. ^ "Governo da Venezuela se declara presidente pro tempore do Mercosul". Agência Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 5 August 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  5. ^ "Uruguai encerra presidência do Mercosul sem anunciar transferência". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 29 July 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2023.