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Ponniyin Selvan: II

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Ponniyin Selvan: II
Theatrical release poster
Directed byMani Ratnam
Screenplay byMani Ratnam
Elango Kumaravel
B. Jeyamohan
Based onPonniyin Selvan
by Kalki Krishnamurthy
Produced by
StarringVikram
Karthi
Jayam Ravi
Aishwarya Rai Bachchan
Trisha
Aishwarya Lekshmi
Sobhita Dhulipala
CinematographyRavi Varman
Edited byA. Sreekar Prasad
Music byA. R. Rahman
Production
company
Distributed byRed Giant Movies
Release date
  • 28 April 2023 (2023-04-28)
Running time
165 minutes[1]
CountryIndia
LanguageTamil
BudgetSee production
Box office₹345 crore[2]

Ponniyin Selvan: II (PS-2, transl. The Son of Ponni) is a 2023 Indian Tamil-language epic historical action drama film directed by Mani Ratnam, who co-wrote it with Elango Kumaravel and B. Jeyamohan. The film is produced by Mani Ratnam and Subaskaran Allirajah under Madras Talkies and Lyca Productions. The second of two cinematic parts based on the 1954 novel Ponniyin Selvan by Kalki Krishnamurthy, it serves as a direct sequel to Ponniyin Selvan: I (2022). The film stars an ensemble cast including Vikram, Karthi, Jayam Ravi (as the title character), Aishwarya Rai Bachchan, Trisha, Jayaram, Prabhu, R. Sarathkumar, Sobhita Dhulipala, Aishwarya Lekshmi, Vikram Prabhu, Prakash Raj, Rahman and R. Parthiban. It continues to follow the prince Arulmozhi Varman (who would become the emperor Rajaraja I) and his family as they deal with threats to the Chola Empire.

Ponniyin Selvan was initially intended to be a single film, but was split into two parts that were produced concurrently. Joint principal photography for both parts began in December 2019, halting twice due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and ultimately wrapping on 16 September 2021. The soundtrack was composed by A. R. Rahman, with cinematography by Ravi Varman, editing by A. Sreekar Prasad, and production design by Thota Tharani.

Ponniyin Selvan: II was released in theatres worldwide on 28 April 2023 in standard, IMAX, 4DX, and EPIQ formats, and received positive reviews from critics. It was featured at the 54th IFFI Indian Panorama mainstream section.[3]

Plot

[edit]
The film is a direct sequel to its predecessor. For more information on the predecessor's plot, see Ponniyin Selvan: I.

The film opens with a flashback, chronicling the childhood of Nandini and Aditha Karikalan. Nandini was raised in a priestly family, and Aditha, training for his future as king, met Nandini during her visit to Pazhayarai. Love sparks at first sight for Aditha Karikalan, coinciding with Arulmozhi's horse race victory against Karikalan. Kundavai tries to befriend Nandini, but after discovering Nandini's orphan status, forbids her from palace visits. Nandini then deliberately ignores Aditha's attempts to reconnect.

Then Aditha informs Nandini of his imminent military deployment. Saddened, Nandini prays daily by the river where he departed. Upon his return, Nandini confess her love. Despite Kundavai's objections to Nandini's non-royal status, Aditha Karikalan and Nandini continued to love and see each other. Facing opposition, Karikalan introduces Nandini as the future queen. However, Kundavai and Sembiyan Mahadevi forcefully expel Nandini during Aditha Karikalan's absence, leading to his devastation upon learning of her departure and refuge under Veerapandiyan.

In the current timeline, the presumed death of Arulmozhi Varman, saddens the empire. Parthibendran Pallavan, smitten by Nandini's beauty, is manipulated into diverting Aditha Karikalan to Kadambur for the empire's well-being. Ravidasan and the Pandya Aabathudavigal ensure Ponniyin Selvan's demise. Vallavaraiyan Vandiyadevan and Poonguzhali, with a frail Ponniyin Selvan, encounter Azhwarkadiyan Nambi and Sendhan Amudhan. Vandiyadevan misleads Ravidasan, and gets captured. Meanwhile, Madhurantakan proclaims himself successor, aligning with Shivan Adiyars and Rashtrakuta King Khottiga for vengeance.

Nandini daydreams about Aditha seeing his Tiger Signet ring which he gave years ago. Later, she, Ravidasan, and others plot to assassinate Aditha Karikalan, Sundara Chozhar, and Ponniyin Selvan. Nandini reveals her plan to kill Aditha Karikalan in Kadambur, overheard by the captive Vandiyadevan. He discloses seeing Oomai Rani, Nandini's mother-like figure, earning his reprieve. Disguised Nambi rescues Vandiyadevan, who informs Kundavai of Ponniyin Selvan's survival, reciprocating her feelings.

Nambi alerts Aditha Karikalan of Ponniyin Selvan's existence. Kundavai and Aditha rush to Nagapattinam's Viharam, where Ponniyin Selvan is being treated. Aditha learns of Nandini's plot in Kadambur but dismisses Vandiyadevan's warning. Ponniyin Selvan reveals Oomai Rani's resemblance to Nandini, raising Kundavai's suspicions about her father's knowledge.

She travels to Thanjavur, where Sundara Chozhar discloses his past with Mandakini in Lanka. Kundavai suspects Nandini's relation but learns Mandakini was pregnant two years after Sundara Chozhar's marriage. Pandyas plan to murder Ponniyin Selvan, but he foils their attempt. In Thanjavur's fort, Pandyas infiltrate, leading to conflict between Velar and Pazhuvettaraiyar. Madhurantakan flees through a tunnel to the Rashtrakutas. Ponniyin Selvan and Vaanathi arrive, bringing peace to the warring factions.

Poonguzhali, spotting the Pandyas, alerts Chinna Pazhuvettaraiyar in Thanjavur. Meanwhile, in Kadambur, Aditha Karikalan arrives. As Nandini and Aditha Karikalan lock eyes, Nandini reminisce the moments about how her past, how her love transformed into hatred. Periya Pazhuvettaraiyar and other kings propose dividing the kingdom with Madhurantakan, but Aditha Karikalan opposes, offering to relinquish the domain for Madhuranthakan's rule if he can keep his army for his siblings' safety. Everyone agrees to his condition.

Periya Pazhuvettaraiyar heads to Thanjavur to inform Madhurantakan, but Karuthiruman, a rower who aided the Pandyas in Lanka, informs him of Nandini and the Pandya plot against Aditha Karikalan in Kadambur. In an attempt to rescue Aditha Karikalan, Karuthiruman hurries back to Kadambur, while the Pandyas use a tunnel to infiltrate the city. Vandiyadevan and Periya Pazhuvettaraiyar, also attempting a rescue, are knocked unconscious. Mandakini, attempting to reach Sundara Chozhar, takes an arrow intended for him and dies. Hearing his father's grief, Ponniyin Selvan arrives, defeats the Pandya assassins, and kills them.

In Kadambur, Aditha Karikalan confronts Nandini, asking why she wants him there. As Nandini falters in her motivation, Aditha, who can read her mind, requests her to end his life, expressing the pain of being apart from her tortures him everyday. Overwhelmed, Nandini cannot bring herself to stab him. Aditha Karikalan takes out his knife, hugs Nandini tightly, and pierces the knife into his heart, revealing his unconditional love for her. Nandini screams in pain, unable to see him die despite all the hatred she has developed for him through the years, revealing she still loves him. The Pandyas forcefully remove Nandini from Kadambur, saving her from execution. Meanwhile, Vandiyadevan and Periya Pazhuvettaraiyar, unconscious, are taken away by the Pandyas.

Upon regaining consciousness, Vandiyadevan carries Aditha Karikalan's lifeless body to Parthibendra Pallavan and other kings, who accuse him of murder. Aditha Karikalan's maternal grandfather, Thirukovalur Malaiyaman, seizes Vandiyadevan and Sambuvarayar, the king of Kadambur, suspecting their involvement. Aditha Karikalan's corpse is taken to Thanjavur, where Sundara Chozhar, his family, and the public mourn his tragic demise. On a ship, the apprehended Karuthiruman reveals to a grieving Nandini that her father is Veerapandiyan, who raped Mandakini, leading to her birth. Nandini, feeling betrayed by everyone and traumatized by Aditha's death, drowns herself in the river Ponni, revealing her unconditional love for Aditha Karikalan.

Nambi informs Chinna Pazhuvettaraiyar of Periya Pazhuvettaraiyar's location, leading to his release from the Pandya captivity. Vandiyadevan faces accusations in Sundara Chozhar's court, but Periya Pazhuvettaraiyar returns, disclosing the truth. Meanwhile, Parthibendran accuses Ponniyin Selvan of orchestrating Aditha Karikalan's death and allies with the Rashtrakutas and other rival kingdoms to invade the Chola empire for vengeance. Sundara Chozhar allows Vandiyadevan to assist Ponniyin Selvan in the impending battle.

Madhurantakan refuses to fight against his homeland and sides with Ponniyin Selvan, contributing to the Cholas' victory. Later, Sundara Chozhar decides to abdicate the throne in favor of his only surviving son. However, on the coronation day, Ponniyin Selvan proposes crowning Madhurantakan, who adopts the name 'Uttama Chola.'

The epilogue reveals that Vandiyadevan and Ponniyin Selvan led extensive conquests across the seas. After Uttama Chola's death, Ponniyin Selvan ascends to the throne as 'Rajaraja Chola,' while the Pandyas are captured and punished.

Cast

[edit]
See also: Ponniyin Selvan § Characters

Narration

[edit]

The film's narration was voiced by Kamal Haasan (both trailer and film), Anil Kapoor (trailer)/Ajay Devgn (film), Rana Daggubati (trailer)/Chiranjeevi (film), Prithviraj Sukumaran (trailer)/Mammootty (film) and Jayanth Kaikini (trailer)/Upendra (film) in the Tamil, Hindi, Telugu, Malayalam, and Kannada languages respectively.[4]

Production

[edit]
Main article: Production of Ponniyin Selvan: I and Ponniyin Selvan: II

Ponniyin Selvan was originally planned as a single film with a budget of ₹500 crore (US$60 million).[5][6] After principal photography commenced in December 2019, it was reported in January 2020 that the film would be split into two parts,[7] which was confirmed by Mani Ratnam that April.[8][9] Both parts were to be shot back-to-back, with some sources reporting that the ₹500 crore budget was spread across two parts.[10][11] In September 2021, production of the first part wrapped, with filming for a few sequences of the second part remaining.[12] Part of this took place in March 2022, with a sequence involving Ravi and Karthi filmed in Mumbai.[13] The remaining patchwork of Ponniyin Selvan: II was filmed in January 2023.[14]

Music

[edit]
Main article: Ponniyin Selvan: II (soundtrack)

The film score and soundtrack were composed by Mani Ratnam's regular collaborator A. R. Rahman. The audio rights of the film were purchased by Tips Industries.

The soundtrack consists of seven original songs composed by A. R. Rahman. The first, "Aga Naga", was released as a single on 20 March 2023.[15] The remaining tracks were revealed at a trailer and audio launch on 29 March 2023.[16] Lyrics for the Tamil version of the soundtrack were written by Ilango Krishnan.[17] It includes Sangam-literature poet Kudavayil Keerathanar's excerpts, whereas "Aazhi Mazhai Kanna" was inspired from Andal's Tiruppavai,[18] and "Shivoham" from Adi Shankara's Atma Shatakam in the Tamil version.[19] Gulzar, Anantha Sriram, Chandrabose, Ramajogayya Sastry, Rafeeq Ahamed and Jayanth Kaikini wrote the song lyrics in Hindi, Telugu, Malayalam, and Kannada respectively.

In May 2023, Wasifuddin Dagar publicized that "Veera Raja Veera" had been adapted from a 1978 dhrupad composition by the Junior Dagar Brothers without attribution.[20]

Release

[edit]

Theatrical

[edit]

Ponniyin Selvan: II was released in standard, IMAX, 4DX and EPIQ formats in theatres on 28 April 2023 worldwide.[21][22] It is the first South Indian film to release in 4DX format.[23]

Distribution

[edit]

The distribution rights of the film in Tamil Nadu were acquired by Red Giant Movies.[24] The Andhra Pradesh and Telangana distribution rights were bought by Dil Raju's Sri Venkateswara Creations.[25][26] The Kerala distribution rights were bought by Gokulam Gopalan's Sree Gokulam Movies.[27] The North India distribution rights were acquired by Pen India Limited.[28] Lyca Productions acquired the overseas distribution rights.[29]

Home media

[edit]

The digital streaming rights for the film were purchased by Amazon Prime Video for ₹125 crore (US$15 million) and started streaming on the platform from 2 June 2023 in Tamil and dubbed versions of Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada languages. The Hindi dubbed version was premiered from 23 June 2023. The satellite rights of the film was sold to Sun TV.[30][31]

Reception

[edit]

Box office

[edit]

The film grossed ₹345 crore and is currently the third highest-grossing Tamil film of 2023 and one of the highest-grossing Tamil films worldwide.[32]

Critical response

[edit]

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 88% of 8 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 6.4/10.[33] Ponniyin Selvan: II received positive reviews from critics.[34]

Kirubhakar Purushothaman, of The Indian Express, gave 4.0 out of 5 stars and wrote "While the fans of the book might be disappointed with some major deviations from the book, the ace director understands the form won't let him be entirely faithful to the novel."[35] Haricharan Pudipeddi, a critic of Hindustan Times, wrote "Apart from the gut-wrenching drama, it's the exquisite that elevate PS 2 in terms of delivering a larger-than-life viewing experience."[36] M. Suganth of The Times of India gave 3.5 out of 5 stars and opined that "right until the climax, this doomed romance is what sustains the tension in this tale and drives the characters to make decisions that have far-reaching impact".[37] Sukanya Verma from Rediff.com gave 3.5 stars out of 5 and stated "Ratnam's spectacle may be steeped in fiction and fantasy but its entitlement and opportunism feels as real and relevant as ever."[38]

A critic from India Today gave 3 stars out of 5 stars and appreciated the film.[39] Nandini Ramnath critic of Scroll.in mentioned the film as having "Mesmerising visuals and memorable characters".[40] However, News18 gave a mixed review.[41] Manoj Kumar of OTTplay gave 3 out of 5 and stated "Mani Ratnam has done a fabulous job in translating this epic novel onto the big screen".[42] Srinivasa Ramanujam of The Hindu called it a "satisfying sequel", saying that "Ponniyin Selvan: II takes creative liberties from Kalki's material, but the performances and cinematic touches keep you invested".[43]

Controversies

[edit]

[44] Ponniyin Selvan series was initially involved in a controversy about ignoring the Shaivite nature of the Cholas and using the director's sect's Sricharanam instead of Tripundra on the forehead.[45][46] Ahead of its release, this was corrected with visual effects and almost all Chola characters appear with a VFX Pattai in the released film series.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Ponniyin Selvan 2 (2023)". Irish Film Classification Office. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
  2. ^ "பொன்னியின் செல்வன் 2 வசூலை முறியடிக்கும் ஆதிபுருஷ்? விமர்சனங்களை ஓரம் கட்டும் கலெக்‌ஷன்!". News18 Tamil (in Tamil). 19 June 2023. Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023. இந்த ஆண்டு எதிர்பார்க்கப்பட்ட மற்றொரு பெரிய படமான பொன்னியின் செல்வன் 2 திரைப்படம் 345 கோடி வசூல் செய்திருந்ததாகவும் விரைவில் ஆதிபுருஷ் படம் பொன்னியின் செல்வன் 2 பட வசூலை முறியடிக்கும் எனவும் தகவல்கள் தெரிவிக்கின்றன.
  3. ^ "Indian Panorama 2023 Announces Official Selection for 54th IFFI, 2023". Press Information Bureau. 23 October 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023 – via press release.
  4. ^ "Ponniyin Selvan: Kamal Haasan, Anil Kapoor, Rana Daggubati lend voices for trailers of Mani Ratnam's film". Pinkvilla. 7 September 2022. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  5. ^ "Telangana folk, tribal arts in Mani Ratnam's movie". Telangana Today. 10 February 2021. Archived from the original on 10 February 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  6. ^ "70% of Ponniyin Selvan shoot was completed". The Times of India. 13 April 2021. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  7. ^ Rajaraman, Kaushik (5 January 2020). "Mani's Ponniyin Selvan to release in two parts". DT Next. Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
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  10. ^ "Mani Ratnam's 'Ponniyin Selvan' OTT rights and release date details revealed!". Indiaglitz. 29 April 2022. Archived from the original on 29 April 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  11. ^ "Mani Ratnam's Ponniyin Selvan: Rs 125 Cr Pre-release!". India Herald. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
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  13. ^ "Karthi and Jayam Ravi travel to Mumbai for 'Ponniyin Selvan' patch shoot". The Times of India. 18 March 2022. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  14. ^ "Mani Ratnam's 'Ponniyin Selvan 2' patchwork to be shot in January". The Times of India. 9 December 2022. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  15. ^ "Aga Naga: The much-awaited song from Ponniyin Selvan is here and it is worth the wait". The Indian Express. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  16. ^ "Ponniyin Selvan 2 trailer and audio launch: A stunning Aishwarya Rai Bachchan thanks fans for their 'enthusiasm and love'. Watch". The Indian Express. 29 March 2023. Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  17. ^ "Royal debut: Ilango Krishnan explores lyric writing with Mani Rathnam's Ponniyin Selvan". The New Indian Express. 3 August 2022. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  18. ^ B, Jayabhuvaneshwari (4 April 2023). "AR Rahman's Ponniyin Selvan 2: An album that conveys a story of its own". Cinema Express. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  19. ^ "Shivoham Song From Ponniyin Selvan 2 Is Based On Adi Shankaracharya's 'Nirvana Shatakam'". News18. 13 April 2023. Archived from the original on 20 April 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  20. ^ Nair, Malini (7 June 2023). "'I'm a small man but my music is huge': Wasifuddin Dagar on the AR Rahman plagiarism row". Scroll.in. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  21. ^ "Mani Ratnam's 'Ponniyin Selvan: 2' to release on April 28, 2023". The Hindu. 28 December 2022. Archived from the original on 12 March 2023. Retrieved 12 March 2023.
  22. ^ "Ponniyin Selvan 2: Vikram And Aishwarya Rai Bachchan's Film Gets A Release Date". NDTV. 28 December 2022. Archived from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  23. ^ "Mani Ratnam's Ponniyin Selvan: 2 1st South Indian Movie To Have 4DX Release". News18. 12 April 2023. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  24. ^ "Ponniyin Selvan II Tamil Nadu theatrical rights sold". Cinema Express. 27 March 2023. Archived from the original on 29 March 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  25. ^ "Ponniyin Selvan release date to be announced soon". The Times of India. 25 February 2022. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  26. ^ Menon, Thinkal (21 August 2022). "Dil Raju to present Mani Ratnam's most-awaited multi-starrer project Ponniyin Selvan in Telugu". OTT Play. Archived from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  27. ^ "Ponniyin Selvan: Sree Gokulam Movies Acquires Distribution Rights In Kerala". News18. 23 August 2022. Archived from the original on 23 August 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  28. ^ "Pen to distribute PS-I – Hindi in Northern territories". Cinema Express. 13 September 2022. Archived from the original on 13 September 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  29. ^ @LycaProductions (8 April 2023). "We are feeling ecstatic 🤩 to announce #PonniyinSelvan2 ⚔️ will be #LycaProductions' own release in the Overseas! 🌍✨ #PS2 in cinemas worldwide from 28th April in Tamil, Hindi, Telugu, Malayalam, and Kannada!" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  30. ^ "Amazon Prime Video Bags OTT Rights For Mani Ratnam's Ponniyin Selvan 1". News18. 29 April 2022. Archived from the original on 30 June 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  31. ^ "Ponniyin Selvan 2 - Amazon Prime: నెల కాక‌ముందే ఓటీటీలోకి పొన్నియ‌న్ సెల్వ‌న్ 2 - స్ట్రీమింగ్ ఎందులో అంటే". Hindustan Times Telugu. Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  32. ^ "பொன்னியின் செல்வன் 2 வசூலை முறியடிக்கும் ஆதிபுருஷ்? விமர்சனங்களை ஓரம் கட்டும் கலெக்‌ஷன்!". News18 Tamil (in Tamil). 19 June 2023. Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023. இந்த ஆண்டு எதிர்பார்க்கப்பட்ட மற்றொரு பெரிய படமான பொன்னியின் செல்வன் 2 திரைப்படம் 345 கோடி வசூல் செய்திருந்ததாகவும் விரைவில் ஆதிபுருஷ் படம் பொன்னியின் செல்வன் 2 பட வசூலை முறியடிக்கும் எனவும் தகவல்கள் தெரிவிக்கின்றன.
  33. ^ "Ponniyin Selvan: II". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
  34. ^ "Ponniyin Selvan 2: Vikram, Trisha, Jayaram, Sobhita watch the film with audience". OTTPlay. 28 April 2023. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
  35. ^ Purushothaman, Kirubhakar (1 May 2023). ""Ponniyin Selvan 2 review: Mani Ratnam finally takes some creative liberty and it works"". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 6 May 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  36. ^ Pudipeddi, Haricharan (28 April 2023). "Ponniyin Selvan 2 review: Aishwarya Rai is unbelievably good in Mani Ratnam's terrific epic". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
  37. ^ Suganth, M. (28 April 2023). "Ponniyin Selvan: Part 2 Movie Review : Ponniyin Selvan 2 is a Vikram, Aishwarya Rai show". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
  38. ^ Verma, Sukanya (28 April 2023). "Ponniyin Selvan: 2 Review: Amazing Spectacle". Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 29 April 2023. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  39. ^ K, Janani (28 April 2023). "Ponniyin Selvan Part 2 Movie Review: Mani Ratnam delivers worthy adaptation, Karthi, Vikram and Aishwarya are a hit". India Today. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
  40. ^ Ramnath, Nandini (28 April 2023). "'Ponniyin Selvan Part 2' review: Mesmerising visuals and memorable characters". Scroll.in. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
  41. ^ Sharma, Dishya (28 April 2023). Negi, Shrishti (ed.). "Ponniyin Selvan 2 Review: Aishwarya Rai, Vikram Are Heart And Soul Of Mani Ratnam's Magnum Opus". News18. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
  42. ^ Kumar, Manoj (29 April 2023). "Ponniyin Selvan 2 review: Vikram, Aishwarya Rai Bachchan steal the show". OTTplay. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
  43. ^ "'Ponniyin Selvan: 2' movie review: Mani Ratnam dishes out a satisfying sequel". The Hindu. 28 April 2023. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
  44. ^ "Ponniyin Selvan: Mani Ratnam's movie brings imperial Cholas under scrutiny". ETV Bharat News. 1 October 2022.
  45. ^ "Ahead of Its Release, Mani Ratnam's Ponniyin Selvan Mired in Controversies". News18. 28 September 2022.
  46. ^ "Mani Ratnam, Vikram slapped with legal notice over Aditya Karikalan's look in Ponniyin Selvan". The Indian Express. 18 July 2022.
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