Polymer solution
Polymer solutions are solutions containing dissolved polymers.[1] These may be liquid solutions (e.g. in aqueous solution), or solid solutions (e.g. a substance which has been plasticized).[2]
The introduction into the polymer of small amounts of a solvent (plasticizer) reduces the temperature of glass transition, the yield temperature, and the viscosity of a melt. [3] An understanding of the thermodynamics of a polymer solution is critical to prediction of its behavior in manufacturing processes — for example, its shrinkage or expansion in injection molding processes, or whether pigments and solvents will mix evenly with a polymer in the manufacture of paints and coatings.[4] A recent theory on the viscosity of polymer solutions gives a physical explanation for various well-known empirical relations and numerical values including the Huggins constant, but reveals also novel simple concentration and molar mass dependence.[5]
Applications
[edit]Polymer solutions are used in producing fibers, films, glues, lacquers, paints, and other items made of polymer materials. Thin layers of polymer solution can be used to produce light-emitting devices.[6] Guar polymer solution gels can be used in hydraulic fracturing ("fracking").[7]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Teraoka, Iwao (2002). Polymer solutions: an introduction to physical properties (PDF). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-38929-3.
- ^ Chemical Fabrics and Film Association [CFFA] (n.d.). "Plasticizer migration" (PDF). CFFA Performance Products Division. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 14, 2017. Retrieved August 11, 2017.
- ^ "Polymer solutions".
- ^ Danner, Ronald P.; High, Martin S. (1993). Handbook of polymer solution thermodynamics. New York: Design Institute for Physical Property Data (DIPPR), American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE). ISBN 0-8169-0579-7.
- ^ Schubert, Dirk W. (2020). "Novel Theoretical Self-Consistent Mean-Field Approach to Describe the Conductivity of Carbon Fiber-Filled Thermoplastics: Part III—Application of the Concept to Mechanical Properties of Composites and Polymer Solutions". Advanced Engineering Materials. 22 (9): 2000171. doi:10.1002/adem.202000171. ISSN 1438-1656.
- ^ Chang, Shun-Chi; Yang, Yang (1999). "Polymer solution light-emitting devices". Applied Physics Letters. 74 (2081): 2081–2083. Bibcode:1999ApPhL..74.2081C. doi:10.1063/1.123764.
- ^ US patent 5488083 A, Kinsey, III, E. Wayne; Sharif, Sharif & Harry, David N., "Method of gelling a guar or derivatized guar polymer solution utilized to perform a hydraulic fracturing operation", issued 1996-01-30, assigned to Benchmark Research and Technology, Inc.
Further reading
[edit]- Teraoka, Iwao (2002). Polymer solutions: an introduction to physical properties (PDF). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-38929-3.
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