Pitted stonefish
| Pitted stonefish | |
|---|---|
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| Pitted stonefish (Erosa erosa), at Lembeh Strait, Manado, Indonesia | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Perciformes |
| Family: | Scorpaenidae |
| Subfamily: | Synanceiinae |
| Tribe: | Synanceiini |
| Genus: | Erosa Swainson, 1839 |
| Species: | E. erosa
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| Binomial name | |
| Erosa erosa (Cuvier, 1829)
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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The pitted stonefish (Erosa erosa), also known as the Pacific monkey-fish, is a species of venomous ray-finned fish, a stonefish be longing to the subfamily Synanceiinae of the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes and their relatives. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Erosa and is found in the eastern Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.
Taxonomy
[edit]The pitted stonefish was first formally described as Synanceia erosa in 1829 by the French zoologist Georges Cuvier with the type locality given as “Seas of Japan”.[3] In 1839 William John Swainson placed it in the monotypic genus Erosa.[4] The genus is considered, by some, to include the daruma stinger (Dampierosa daruma). [5] The genus Erosa is classified within the tribe Synanceiini which is one of three tribes in the subfamily Synanceeinae within the family Scorpaenidae.[6] However, other authorities regard Synanceiidae as a valid family and the Synanceiini as the subfamily Synanceiinae.[4] Erosa means “gnawed” or “eaten away”, an allusion to the dimpled surfaces of the bones.[7]
Description
[edit]The pitted stonefish has a large head which has a rounded profile, there is a bony hump above the eyes with a deep pit on the nape. The snout is very short giving the head a nealy vertical anterior profile.[5] This species has 14 spines and 9 soft rays in the dorsal fin and 2 spines and 5 or 6 soft rays in the anal fin.[2] The overall colour is varies from reddish to orange or brown motTled with white. There mat be dark crossbands and lines of irregular shaped white spots on the pectoral, pelvic, anal and caudal fins.[5] This species reaches a maximum total length of 15 cm (5.9 in).[2]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]The pitted stonefish is found in the Indo-Pacific from southern Japan south to Australia and has been recorded from Korea, China, Taiwan, the Philippines, Indonesia, New Caledonia and Tonga.[1] In Australia it is found from Exmouth Gulf in Western Australia to Moreton Bay in Queensland.[5] This benthic species is found down to 90 m (300 ft) in depth,[2] although it is commoner at deeper depths,[5] on sand and mud substrates.[1]
Biology
[edit]The pitted stonefish has venomous spines in its fins.[2]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Motomura, H. & Matsuura, K. (2016). "Erosa erosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T69920774A70010055. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T69920774A70010055.en. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
- ^ a b c d e Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Erosa". FishBase. February 2022 version.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Erosa". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
- ^ a b Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Synanceiinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
- ^ a b c d e Dianne J. Bray. "Erosa daruma". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
- ^ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 468–475. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (10 March 2022). "Order Perciformes (Part 10): Suborder Scorpaenoidei: Families Apistidae, Tetrarogidae, Synanceiidae, Aploacrinidae, Perryenidae, Eschmeyeridae, Pataceidae, Gnathanacanthidae, Congiopodidae and Zanclorhynchidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 9 April 2022.