Pinosylvin

Pinosylvin
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name 5-[(1E)-2-Phenylethen-1-yl]benzene-1,3-diol
	Other names (E)-3,5-Stilbenediol; trans-3,5-Dihydroxystilbene
Identifiers
CAS Number	22139-77-1 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL101506 ;
ChemSpider	4444110 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.208.695
PubChem CID	5280457;
UNII	881R434AIB ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID00895857 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C14H12O2/c15-13-8-12(9-14(16)10-13)7-6-11-4-2-1-3-5-11/h1-10,15-16H/b7-6+ Key: YCVPRTHEGLPYPB-VOTSOKGWSA-N ; InChI=1/C14H12O2/c15-13-8-12(9-14(16)10-13)7-6-11-4-2-1-3-5-11/h1-10,15-16H/b7-6+ Key: YCVPRTHEGLPYPB-VOTSOKGWBH;
	SMILES C1=CC=C(C=C1)\C=C\C2=CC(=CC(=C2)O)O;
Properties
Chemical formula	C14H12O2
Molar mass	212.248 g·mol−1
Appearance	white solid
Melting point	153 to 155 °C (307 to 311 °F; 426 to 428 K)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Pinosylvin is an organic compound with the formula C₆H₅CH=CHC₆H₃(OH)₂. A white solid, it is related to trans-stilbene, but with two hydroxy groups on one of the phenyl substituents. It is very soluble in many organic solvents, such as acetone.^[1]

Occurrence

Pinosylvin is produced in plants in response to fungal infections, ozone-induced stress, and physical damage for example.^[2] It is a fungitoxin protecting the wood from fungal infection.^[3] It is present in the heartwood of Pinaceae^[2] and also found in Gnetum cleistostachyum.^[4]

Injected in rats, pinosylvin undergoes rapid glucuronidation and a poor bioavailability.^[5]

Biosynthesis

Pinosylvin synthase, an enzyme, catalyzes the biosynthesis of pinosylvin from malonyl-CoA and cinnamoyl-CoA:

3 malonyl-S-CoA + cinnamoyl-S-CoA → 4 CoA-SH + pinosylvin + 4 CO₂

This biosynthesis is noteworthy because plant biosyntheses employing cinnamic acid as a starting point are rare compared to the more common use of p-coumaric acid. Two other compounds produced from cinnamic acid are anigorufone and curcumin.^[6]^[7]

References

^ M., Haynes, William (2014). "3". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 95th Edition (95th ed.). Hoboken: CRC Press. p. 458. ISBN 9781482208689. OCLC 908078665.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ ^a ^b Hovelstad, Hanne; Leirset, Ingebjorg; Oyaas, Karin; Fiksdahl, Anne (2006-01-31). "Screening analyses of pinosylvin stilbenes, resin acids and lignans in Norwegian conifers". Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 11 (1): 103–114. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.599.4403. doi:10.3390/11010103. ISSN 1420-3049. PMC 6148674. PMID 17962750.
^ Lee, S. K.; Lee, H. J.; Min, H. Y.; Park, E. J.; Lee, K. M.; Ahn, Y. H.; Cho, Y. J.; Pyee, J. H. (March 2005). "Antibacterial and antifungal activity of pinosylvin, a constituent of pine". Fitoterapia. 76 (2): 258–260. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2004.12.004. ISSN 0367-326X. PMID 15752644.
^ Yao, Chun-Suo; Lin, Mao; Liu, Xin; Wang, Ying-Hong (April 2005). "Stilbene derivatives from Gnetum cleistostachyum". Journal of Asian Natural Products Research. 7 (2): 131–137. doi:10.1080/10286020310001625102. ISSN 1028-6020. PMID 15621615.
^ Roupe, Kathryn A.; Yáñez, Jaime A.; Teng, Xiao Wei; Davies, Neal M. (November 2006). "Pharmacokinetics of selected stilbenes: rhapontigenin, piceatannol and pinosylvin in rats". The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 58 (11): 1443–1450. doi:10.1211/jpp.58.11.0004. ISSN 0022-3573. PMID 17132206.
^ Schmitt, B.; Hölscher, D.; Schneider, B. (February 2000). "Variability of Phenylpropanoid PBiosynthesis of Phenylphenalenones in Anigozanthos preissii". Phytochemistry. 53 (3): 331–337. doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(99)00544-0. ISSN 0031-9422. PMID 10703053.
^ Kita, Tomoko; Imai, Shinsuke; Sawada, Hiroshi; Kumagai, Hidehiko; Seto, Haruo (July 2008). "The Biosynthetic Pathway of Curcuminoid in Turmeric (Curcuma longa) as Revealed by ¹³C-Labeled Precursors". Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 72 (7): 1789–1798. doi:10.1271/bbb.80075. ISSN 1347-6947. PMID 18603793.

[1] M., Haynes, William (2014). "3". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 95th Edition (95th ed.). Hoboken: CRC Press. p. 458. ISBN 9781482208689. OCLC 908078665.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[:0-2] Hovelstad, Hanne; Leirset, Ingebjorg; Oyaas, Karin; Fiksdahl, Anne (2006-01-31). "Screening analyses of pinosylvin stilbenes, resin acids and lignans in Norwegian conifers". Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 11 (1): 103–114. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.599.4403. doi:10.3390/11010103. ISSN 1420-3049. PMC 6148674. PMID 17962750.

[3] Lee, S. K.; Lee, H. J.; Min, H. Y.; Park, E. J.; Lee, K. M.; Ahn, Y. H.; Cho, Y. J.; Pyee, J. H. (March 2005). "Antibacterial and antifungal activity of pinosylvin, a constituent of pine". Fitoterapia. 76 (2): 258–260. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2004.12.004. ISSN 0367-326X. PMID 15752644.

[4] Yao, Chun-Suo; Lin, Mao; Liu, Xin; Wang, Ying-Hong (April 2005). "Stilbene derivatives from Gnetum cleistostachyum". Journal of Asian Natural Products Research. 7 (2): 131–137. doi:10.1080/10286020310001625102. ISSN 1028-6020. PMID 15621615.

[5] Roupe, Kathryn A.; Yáñez, Jaime A.; Teng, Xiao Wei; Davies, Neal M. (November 2006). "Pharmacokinetics of selected stilbenes: rhapontigenin, piceatannol and pinosylvin in rats". The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 58 (11): 1443–1450. doi:10.1211/jpp.58.11.0004. ISSN 0022-3573. PMID 17132206.

[6] Schmitt, B.; Hölscher, D.; Schneider, B. (February 2000). "Variability of Phenylpropanoid PBiosynthesis of Phenylphenalenones in Anigozanthos preissii". Phytochemistry. 53 (3): 331–337. doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(99)00544-0. ISSN 0031-9422. PMID 10703053.

[7] Kita, Tomoko; Imai, Shinsuke; Sawada, Hiroshi; Kumagai, Hidehiko; Seto, Haruo (July 2008). "The Biosynthetic Pathway of Curcuminoid in Turmeric (Curcuma longa) as Revealed by ¹³C-Labeled Precursors". Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 72 (7): 1789–1798. doi:10.1271/bbb.80075. ISSN 1347-6947. PMID 18603793.

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