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Coat of arms of the Duchy of Czersk

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For the coat of arms of the town in Pomeranian Voivodeship, see coat of arms of Czersk.
Piast Dragon in the coat of arms of the Duchy of Czersk.

Coat of arms of the Duchy of Czersk is a legendary creature in folklore of Masovia in Poland, that is depicted as a Slavic dragon or wyvern. It was used in the coat of arms of the Masovian Piast dynasty, most notably in the coat of arms of the Duchy of Czersk and the Duchy of Warsaw, where it was depicted respectively as a green and red dragon with red tongue and claws.[1]

History

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According to some historians, the dragon was adapted in Polish heraldry from the Matter of Britain. It most likely was introduced as a coat of arms of the Czersk Land thanks to Magnus, son of Harold Godwinson, king of England, that was a komes in Masovia in the 12th century.[2][3] The oldest known appearance of the Piast Dragon is the seal of duke Trojden I, ruler of the Duchy of Warsaw, that was used after 1311.[4] Later, it was used in the coat of arms of the Duchy of Czersk. According to Jan Długosz, Piast Dragon had appeared on the banner used by duke Janusz I of Warsaw during the Battle of Grunwald in 1410.[1][5] The dragon has also been present in the coat of arms of the town of Nowy Żmigród. It was introduced in the area in 14th century by Yuri II Boleslav, ruler of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, who was the son of Trojden I.[6]

Currently, the dragon is present in the coat of arms of several counties of Masovian Voivodeship, Poland, that are: Garwolin (since 2002),[7] Grójec (since 2000),[8] Ostrów (since 2002),[9] Otwock,[10] Pruszków, and Warsaw West.[11] It is also used in the coat of arms of municipilaties of Lesznowola and Nowy Żmigród.

In folklore

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According to the local Masovian folklore, the dragon lived in the dungeons located underground between the Czersk Castle and the village of Coniew, and guarded the treasures of duke Konrad I of Masovia.[12]

In the local folklore of Nowy Żmigród, a dragon, a wyvern, or a giant viperinae, lived in the nest on the tree, that was located on the hill near the castle in Stary Żmigród. Nobody was able to drive it away.[13]

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See also

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Citations

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Notes

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References

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  1. ^ a b Jan Długosz, Roczniki czyli kroniki sławnego Królestwa Polskiego.
  2. ^ "Wojciech Górczyk, Smok i miecz w heraldyce Piastów a król Artur". histmag.org (in Polish).
  3. ^ "KOMES MAGNUS I LEGENDA O ZIELONYM SMOKU (XI w.)". zamekczersk.pl (in Polish).
  4. ^ Z. Piech, Ikonografia pieczęci Piastów, p. 95.
  5. ^ Sven Ekdahl: Die "Banderia Prutenorum" des Jan Długosz: Eine Quelle zur Schlacht bei Tannenberg 1410 : Unters. zu Aufbau, Entstehung u. Quellenwert d. Hs. vol. 3, no. 104. ISBN 3-525-82382-7.
  6. ^ Janusz Grabowski, Bolesław Jerzy II Trojdenowic (1309/1310 – 1340), in: Poczet książąt i księżnych mazowieckich, p. 103-109.
  7. ^ "Jak uzyskano insignia?". garwolin-starostwo.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
  8. ^ Resolution of the Countil of Grójec County no. XVII/122/2000 from 28 November 2000.
  9. ^ Attachment No. 1 to the Statut of By-law of Ostrów County.
  10. ^ Resolution No. 113/XVIII/08 of the Council of Otwock County from 26 June 2008.
  11. ^ Resolution no. XIV/139/2012 of the Council of Warsaw West County from 19 September 2012[permanent dead link]. Journal of the Council of Masovian Voivodeship, 2012, position: 7899.
  12. ^ Daniel Sukniewicz. "Tajemnice czerskiego lochu". polishgeographic.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2009-01-30.
  13. ^ "Stary Żmigród". zamki.res.pl (in Polish).

Bibliography

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