Physaria fendleri
| Physaria fendleri | |
|---|---|
| |
| Physaria fendleri flowers Hill Country State Natural Area, Bandera County, Texas | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Brassicales |
| Family: | Brassicaceae |
| Genus: | Physaria |
| Species: | P. fendleri
|
| Binomial name | |
| Physaria fendleri (A.Gray) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz
| |
Physaria fendleri is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae known by several common names, including Fendler's bladderpod,[2] popweed,[2] and lesquerella.[2]
Distribution
[edit]The plant is native to the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico.[3]
It is also cultivated in these regions, as it does best in their climates and in local calcareous soils. It requires less irrigation than many other crops, due to its adaptation to life in an arid region.
Description
[edit]Physaria fendleri is a perennial plant in natural habitats. It is cultivated as a winter annual.
It produces hairless capsules called siliques which contain 6 to 25 seeds each.
Uses
[edit]The species is best known as the richest source of bladderpod oil. Most Physaria species contain the hydroxy acid lesquerolic acid in their oil with a seed oil content of ~24%. This oil is useful as a replacement for castor oil in some applications due to its ability to form estolides.[4] If the plant becomes more widely cultivated and breeding and refinement techniques are improved, the oil could be used in a number of industries, including cosmetics, coatings, plastics, and lubricants. One obstacle to use is the oil's reddish-brown color, which makes it less valuable for certain applications than the colorless or pale yellow castor oil. Breeding may reduce the pigment load of the plant's oils over time. Breeding may also favor other characteristics in this species, such as its capacity for cultivation in other climates, male sterility to allow better control of pollination, and tolerance for a wider array of soil types.
The plant has uses beyond its oil. The seed coat of P. fendleri also contains a useful natural gum which might be viable as a food additive similar to xanthan gum. The mash is high in protein, and has a similar proportion of various amino acids to the soybean. It may prove to be a good animal fodder.
References
[edit]- ^ NatureServe (2023). "Physaria fendleri". Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
- ^ a b c "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". www.wildflower.org.
- ^ "Physaria fendleri". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2009-09-03.
- ^ Hayes, DG; Kleiman, R; Phillips, BS (1995). "The triglyceride composition, structure, and presence of estolides in the oils ofLesquerella and related species". Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 72 (5): 559–569. doi:10.1007/BF02638857. S2CID 83516474. Retrieved 2020-05-24.
External links
[edit]- NatureServe secure species
- Physaria
- Crops originating from Mexico
- Crops originating from the United States
- Flora of Arizona
- Flora of Chihuahua (state)
- Flora of Coahuila
- Flora of Colorado
- Flora of Durango
- Flora of New Mexico
- Flora of Nuevo León
- Flora of San Luis Potosí
- Flora of Texas
- Flora of Utah
- Flora of Zacatecas
- Flora of the Great Plains (North America)
- Taxa named by Asa Gray