Penstemon calcareus
| Penstemon calcareus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Blooming in Death Valley National Park | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Plantaginaceae |
| Genus: | Penstemon |
| Species: | P. calcareus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Penstemon calcareus | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Penstemon calcareus is a species of penstemon known by the common name limestone penstemon. It is native to California, where it is known from the deserts of central San Bernardino County, as well as the Death Valley area, where its distribution extends just over the border into Nevada. It grows in scrub and woodland, often on limestone substrates.
Description
[edit]Penstemon calcareus has stems that grow to between 5 and 35 centimeters tall that grow directly upward from the base of the plant or grow outwards as short distance and then curving to grow upwards.[3] They are herbaceous and covered in fine, backwards pointing hairs that give the stems a gray appearance like being covered in dust. The tops of the stems are densely covered in glands.[4] The plant grows perennially from a woody caudex at ground level.[3]
It has both cauline and basal leaves, ones attached to the stems and those that grow directly from the base of the plant, that are somewhat leathery and have the same backwards pointing hairs as the stems. The basal leaves and the lower cauline leaves are attached to the plant by petioles and measure 1.5 to 5.5 centimeters long and 0.6 to 2.5 cm wide. Their shape may be elliptic to broadly ovate with a tapered base and either faint serrations or a smooth edge. Further up the stem the leaves are lanceolate to oblanceolate and longer, 2.5–7.5 cm long. These leaves also lack petioles and instead have their base clasping the main stem.[3]
The inflorescence produces bright pink to purplish tubular or funnel-shaped flowers between 1.3 and 1.7 centimeters long.[4] The flower has a glandular outer surface and a staminode 7 to 9 millimeter long that covered with golden hairs.[3]
Taxonomy
[edit]Penstemon calcareus was scientifically described in 1903 by Townshend Stith Brandegee. It has one synonym, Penstemon desertorum.[2]
Names
[edit]Penstemon calcareus is known by the common names limestone penstemon or limestone beardtongue.[5][3]
Range and habitat
[edit]The range of limestone penstemon includes two Californian counties, Inyo and San Bernardino, and also Esmeralda County, Nevada.[3] Most of its range is in California with one just one population in Nevada discovered in Death Valley National Park in 2003. Its range is spread out over 20,000 to 200,000 square kilometers, but only has a few populations.[1] In this area it grows on mountains within the Mojave Desert at elevations of 1200 to 2000 meters above sea level.[3]
It will often grow in limestone crevices and rocky slopes. It is associated with pinyon–juniper woodlands and Joshua tree scrublands.[4]
Conservation
[edit]The conservation organization NatureServe evaluated Penstemon calcareus in 2010 as imperiled at a global level (G2). They found it to have a long term decline in numbers of 30 to 70%.[1]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c NatureServe (2024). "Penstemon calcareus". Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 6 November 2024.
- ^ a b "Penstemon calcareus Brandegee". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g Freeman, Craig C. (29 July 2020) [2019]. "Penstemon calcareus". Flora of North America. p. 131. ISBN 978-0190868512. OCLC 1101573420. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
- ^ a b c Wetherwax, Margriet; Holmgren, Noel H. (2012). "Penstemon calcareus". Jepson eFlora. University of California, Berkley. Archived from the original on 2 July 2024. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
- ^ DeDecker, Mary (1984). Flora of the Northern Mojave Desert, California (First ed.). Berkeley, California: California Native Plant Society. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-943460-09-3. LCCN 84012151. OCLC 10851524.
External links
[edit]- Penstemon calcareus in the CalPhotos photo database, University of California, Berkeley