Pedro Gilbert
Pedro Gilbert | |
|---|---|
 Likeness made of Gilbert during his trial before the U.S. Circuit Court | |
| Born | c. 1797 |
| Died | June 11, 1835 (aged 38) |
| Cause of death | Execution by hanging |
| Piratical career | |
| Nickname | Don Pedro Gibert |
| Type | Pirate, Privateer |
| Years active | 1832-1834 |
| Rank | Captain |
| Base of operations | Caribbean |
Pedro Gilbert (c. 1797 – June 11, 1835) was a Spanish pirate, privateer and slave trader. At the time of his execution, he was one of the few remaining pirates continuing to raid shipping on the Atlantic coast.
Biography
[edit]A former privateer in the service of the Viceroyalty of New Granada, Gilbert began raiding American merchant vessels off the eastern coast of Florida with his schooner, the Panda in early 1832. On September 21, 1832, off the coast of what is now Stuart, Florida,[1] Gilbert chased then boarded the Mexican, an American brig bound from Salem to Rio de Janeiro carrying $20,000 in silver. Following the crew's surrender, a crew member asked Gilbert what was to be done with their captives, to which the pirate captain reportedly remarked, "Dead cats don't mew. You know what to do." Gilbert was also a slave trader who made several voyages to Africa to pick up slaves.
"This vessel was fashioned, at the will of avarice, for the aid of cruelty and injustice; it was an African slaver."[2]
Locking the crew inside the forecastle, Gilbert's crew ransacked the ship, looting the Mexican's stores. Slashing the rigging and sails, the pirates filled the ship's galley with combustibles and set the ship afire with the crew trapped inside. However, the crew managed to break out after an hour and eventually doused the fire, although they continued to let enough smoke billow until the pirates were out of sight. After six weeks at sea, the crew finally made it back to Salem, where they were able to report the incident. Gilbert was eventually captured in West Africa two years later when his ship was sunk in a naval engagement with the British brig sloop HMS Curlew, commanded by Henry Dundas Trotter.[3] Extradited to the United States, he was tried with 11 of his crewmen in Boston, Massachusetts.[2] All pleaded not guilty, albeit one of the crewmen, Manuel Delgado, committed suicide in jail. Seven of them, including Gilbert, were found guilty and received mandatory death sentences. Five of them: Pedro Gilbert, Maneul Boyga, Manuel Castillo, Angel Garcia, and Juan Montenegro, were executed on June 11, 1835. Another, Francisco Ruiz, was hanged on September 18, 1835, after initially receiving a stay of execution.[4][5] The remaining convict, Bernardo de Soto, the first mate and owner of the Panda, was pardoned by President Andrew Jackson on July 6, 1835. There had been public pressure to spare his life since he'd helped save the lives of American passengers of a sunken ship several years back.[6]
Memorial
[edit]A sandbar off Stuart which the pirates often used to lure unsuspecting ships is marked on nautical charts as "Gilbert's Bar."[1]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Johnson, Larry (13 May 2009). "column:Always Learning". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1D.
- ^ a b "Don Pedro Gilbert – The West End Museum". 12 November 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
- ^ . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
- ^ Lofquist, Author Bill (15 March 2021). "Pedro Gilbert, Manuel Boyga, Manuel Castillo, Angel Garcia, Juan Montenegro, and Francisco Ruiz". The Federal Death Penalty Project. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
{{cite web}}:|first=has generic name (help) - ^ "ExecutedToday.com » 1835: Francisco Ruiz, prostrated pirate". 12 September 2016. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
- ^ Author, Guest (8 June 2022). "Atlantic Piracy in the Early Nineteenth Century | Blog 2/2". Boydell and Brewer. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
{{cite web}}:|last=has generic name (help)
- Bottling, Douglas. The Pirates. Alexandria, Virginia: Time-Life Books Inc., 1978.
- Joaniquet, Angel. Pirates i corsaris catalans. Editorial Noray, 1997.
- Pickering, David. Pirates: From Corsairs and Cutlasses to Parrots and Planks. Collins, 2006.
Further reading
[edit]- Gilbert, Pedro. A Report of the Trial of Pedro Gilbert. Boston: Russell, Oridorne and Metcalf, 1834.
- Gilbert, Pedro. Trial of the Twelve Spanish Pirates of the Schooner Panda, A Guinea Slaver... For Robbery and Piracy, Committed on Boards the Brig Mexican, 20 Sept. 1832. Boston: Lemuel Gulliver, 1834.
External links
[edit]
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
- 1790s births
- 1835 deaths
- 19th-century executions by the United States
- 19th-century pirates
- Executed mass murderers
- 19th-century slave traders
- People executed by the United States federal government by hanging
- People executed for piracy
- People extradited from the United Kingdom to the United States
- Prisoners and detainees of the British military
- Spanish privateers
- Spanish mass murderers
- Spanish people executed abroad
- Spanish pirates
- 19th-century Spanish criminals
- Spanish slave traders
- Piracy in the United States
- Piracy in the Atlantic Ocean
- Viceroyalty of New Granada people