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Paul Émile Appell

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
M. P. Appell is the same person: it stands for Monsieur Paul Appell.
Paul Appell
Appell in 1921
Born(1855-09-27)27 September 1855
Strasbourg, France
Died24 October 1930(1930-10-24) (aged 75)
Paris, France
NationalityFrench
Known forAppell polynomials
Appell series
Appell sequence
Appell's equation of motion
Appell–Humbert theorem
Appell–Lerch sums
Complex–shift method
Scientific career
FieldsMathematics
Physics

Paul Émile Appell (27 September 1855 in Strasbourg – 24 October 1930 in Paris) was a French mathematician and Rector of the University of Paris. Appell polynomials and Appell's equations of motion are named after him, as is rue Paul Appell in the 14th arrondissement of Paris and the minor planet 988 Appella.

Life

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Paul Appell entered the École Normale Supérieure in 1873. He was elected to the French Academy of Sciences in 1892.

In 1895, he became a Professor at the École Centrale Paris. Between 1903 and 1920 he was Dean of the Faculty of Science of the University of Paris, then Rector of the University of Paris from 1920 to 1925.

Appell was the President of the Société astronomique de France (SAF), the French astronomical society, from 1919 to 1921.[1]

His daughter Marguerite Appell (1883–1969), who married the mathematician Émile Borel, is known as a novelist under her pen-name Camille Marbo.

Appell was an atheist.[2] He was awarded Order of the White Eagle.[3]

Work

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He worked first on projective geometry in the line of Chasles, then on algebraic functions, differential equations, and complex analysis. Appell was the editor of the collected works of Henri Poincaré. Jules Drach was co-editor of the first volume.[4]

Appell series

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He introduced a set of four hypergeometric series F1, F2, F3, F4 of two variables, now called Appell series, that generalize Gauss's hypergeometric series.

He established the set of partial differential equations of which these functions are solutions, and found formulas and expressions of these series in terms of hypergeometric series of one variable. In 1926, with Professor Joseph-Marie Kampé de Fériet, he authored a treatise on generalized hypergeometric series.

Mechanics

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In mechanics, he proposed an alternative formulation of analytical mechanics known as Appell's equation of motion.

He discovered a physical interpretation of the imaginary period of the doubly periodic function whose restriction to real arguments describes the motion of an ideal pendulum.

Publications

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See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Paul Appell.

References

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  1. ^ Bulletin de la Société astronomique de France, November 1937, plates X–IX
  2. ^ MAUGIN, GRARD A. CONTINUUM MECHANICS THROUGH THE EIGHTEENTH AND NINETEENTH CENTURIES: historical perspectives ... from john bernoulli to ernst hellinger. Place of publication not identified: SPRINGER, 2016. Print. ""he was an atheist"
  3. ^ Acović, Dragomir (2012). Slava i čast: Odlikovanja među Srbima, Srbi među odlikovanjima. Belgrade: Službeni Glasnik. p. 643.
  4. ^ Birkhoff, G. D. (1934). "The Work of Poincaré on Differential Equations" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 40 (5): 363–366. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1934-05835-x.
  5. ^ Thomas, Tracy Yerkes (1927). "Traité de Mécanique Rationnelle, Vol. V" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 33 (4): 493–495. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1927-04414-7.
  6. ^ Osgood, W. F. (1896). "Review: Théorie des fonctions algébriques et de leurs intégrales, par Paul Appell et Édouard Goursat" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 2 (10): 317–327. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1896-00353-0.
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