British railway rolling stock
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This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: article is largely based on a 2019 publication, now significantly out of date.(November 2023) |
British railway rolling stock refers to the trains used in Britain (England, Scotland and Wales).
Main line operators
[edit]These lists only include trains currently reported in use on Network Rail routes. For details of previous rolling stock and future deliveries, you should see the pages for the individual operators or the alternative lists in the 'see also' section at the bottom of this page.
Electrified routes generally use either 25,000V AC supplied by overhead lines, or 750V DC third rail. The majority of self-powered trains are diesel, but other systems are being developed. Some trains use a combination of these power systems so that they can use different routes.
Multiple units and railcars
[edit]Operator | Image | Class | Design | Power source | Top Speed | Quantity of units | Carriages per unit | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mph | km/h | ||||||||
Avanti West Coast | 221 | Voyager | Diesel | 125 | 200 | 15 | 5 | [1][2] | |
390/0 | Pendolino | AC electric | 21 | 9 | [3] | ||||
390/1 | 35 | 11 | [3] | ||||||
805 | AT300 | AC electric and diesel | 13 | 5 | Evero sets | ||||
Arriva Rail London | |||||||||
378/1 | Electrostar | DC electric | 75 | 120 | 20 | 5 | [4] | ||
378/2 | AC and DC electric | 37 | 5 | [4] | |||||
710/1 | Aventra | AC electric | 30 | 4 | |||||
710/2 | AC and DC electric | 18 | 4 | ||||||
710/3 | 6 | 5 | |||||||
c2c | 357/0 | Electrostar | AC electric | 100 | 160 | 46 | 4 | [5] | |
357/2 | 11 | ||||||||
357/3 | 17 | ||||||||
720/6 | Aventra | 110 | 177 | 12 | 5 | [6] | |||
Chiltern Railways | 165/0 | Networker | Diesel | 75 | 120 | 28 | 2 | [7] | |
11 | 3 | [7] | |||||||
168/0 | Turbostar | 100 | 160 | 5 | 4 | [8] | |||
168/1 | 6 | 3 | [8] | ||||||
2 | 4 | [8] | |||||||
168/2 | 3 | 3 | [8] | ||||||
3 | 4 | [8] | |||||||
168/3 | 9 | 2 | [8] | ||||||
CrossCountry | 170/1 | Turbostar | Diesel | 100 | 160 | 7 | 2 | [9] | |
10 | 3 | [9] | |||||||
170/3 | 2 | 3 | [9] | ||||||
170/6 | 10 | 3 | |||||||
220 | Voyager | 125 | 200 | 34 | 4 | [10] | |||
221 | 4 | 4 | [1] | ||||||
23 | 5 | [1] | |||||||
DB Cargo UK | 325 | British Rail Mark 3 | AC electric | 100 | 160 | 15 | 4 | Parcels traffic, DC electric pick up removed or isolated[11] | |
East Midlands Railway | 158/0 | Sprinter | Diesel | 90 | 145 | 26 | 2 | [12] | |
170/2 | Turbostar | 100 | 160 | 4 | 2 | ||||
8 | 3 | ||||||||
170/4 | 8 | 3 | [12] | ||||||
170/5 | 23 | 2 | [12] | ||||||
222/0 | Voyager | 125 | 200 | 19 | 5 | [13] | |||
4 | 7 | [13] | |||||||
222/1 | 4 | 5 | |||||||
360/1 | Desiro | AC electric | 110 | 180 | 21 | 4 | [14] | ||
Elizabeth line | 345 | Aventra | AC electric | 90 | 145 | 70 | 9 | ||
Eurostar | 373 | TGV TMST | AC electric | 186 | 300 | 11 | 18 | Also operates on 1500V DC overhead in Europe, DC electric pick up removed[15] | |
374 | Velaro | 200 | 320 | 17 | 16 | Also operates on 1500V DC overhead in Europe[16] | |||
Gatwick Express | 387/2 | Electrostar | AC and DC electric | 110 | 177 | 22 | 4 | [17] | |
Grand Central | 180 | Coradia | Diesel | 125 | 200 | 12 | 5 | [18] | |
221 | Voyager | 125 | 200 | 2 | 5 | [19] | |||
Great Northern | 387/1 | Electrostar | AC and DC electric | 110 | 177 | 32 | 4 | [17] | |
387/2 | 1 | 4 | |||||||
387/3 | 6 | 4 | [20] | ||||||
717 | Desiro | 85 | 137 | 25 | 6 | [21] | |||
Great Western Railway | |||||||||
150/2 | Sprinter | Diesel | 75 | 120 | 20 | 2 | [22] | ||
158/0 | 90 | 145 | 13 | 2 | [23] | ||||
5 | 3 | ||||||||
165/1 | Networker | 20 | 2 | [7] | |||||
16 | 3 | [7] | |||||||
166 | 21 | 3 | [24] | ||||||
387/1 | Electrostar | AC electric | 110 | 177 | 30 | 4 | [17] | ||
12 | 4 | Heathrow Express sets[17][25] | |||||||
800/0 | AT300 | AC electric and diesel | 140 | 225 | 36 | 5 | GWR 'InterCity Express Train' sets[26] | ||
800/3 | 21 | 9 | |||||||
802/0 | 22 | 5 | |||||||
802/1 | 14 | 9 | |||||||
Greater Anglia | 720/1 | Aventra | AC electric | 100 | 160 | 44 | 5 | ||
720/5 | 89 | 5 | |||||||
745/0 | FLIRT | 10 | 12 | InterCity sets with first class seating area[27] | |||||
745/1 | 10 | 12 | Stansted Express sets, standard class only[27] | ||||||
755/3 | AC electric and diesel | 14 | 3 | [28] | |||||
755/4 | 24 | 4 | [28] | ||||||
Hull Trains | 802/3 | AT300 | AC electric and diesel | 140 | 225 | 5 | 5 | Paragon sets[26] | |
London North Eastern Railway | 800/1 | AT300 | AC electric and diesel | 140 | 225 | 13 | 9 | Azuma sets[26] | |
800/2 | 10 | 5 | |||||||
801/1 | AC electric | 12 | 5 | ||||||
801/2 | 30 | 9 | |||||||
Locomotive Services Limited | 121 | British Rail | Diesel | 70 | 110 | 1 | 1 | ||
142 | Pacer | 75 | 120 | 1 | 2 | ||||
Lumo | 803 | AT300 | AC electric | 125 | 200 | 5 | 5 | ||
Merseyrail | 507 | British Rail PEP | DC electric | 75 | 120 | 11 | 3 | [29] | |
777/0 | METRO | 46 | 4 | Third rail mode only | |||||
777/1 | 7 | Third rail mode - full top speed, battery mode - 62 mph / 100 km/h | |||||||
Network Rail | 153 | Sprinter | Diesel | 75 | 120 | 4 | 1 | Track inspection[30] | |
950 | 1 | 2 | Test train based on Class 150 design.[31][22] | ||||||
Northern Trains | 150/0 | Sprinter | Diesel | 75 | 120 | 6 | 3 | ||
150/1 | 43 | 2 | [22] | ||||||
150/2 | 27 | 2 | [22] | ||||||
155 | 7 | 2 | [32] | ||||||
156 | 66 | 2 | |||||||
158/0 | 90 | 145 | 8 | 3 | [33] | ||||
35 | 2 | [33] | |||||||
158/9 | 10 | 2 | [33] | ||||||
170/4 | Turbostar | 100 | 160 | 16 | 3 | ||||
195/0 | Civity | 25 | 2 | ||||||
195/1 | 33 | 3 | |||||||
323 | Hunslet Transportation Projects | AC electric | 90 | 145 | 17 | 3 | [34] | ||
331/0 | Civity | 100 | 160 | 31 | 3 | [35] | |||
331/1 | 12 | 4 | [35] | ||||||
333 | CAF/Siemens | 16 | 4 | [36] | |||||
769/4 | British Rail Mark 3 | AC electric and diesel | 8 | 4 | |||||
ScotRail | 153 | Sprinter | Diesel | 75 | 120 | 5 | 1 | Attached to Class 156 | |
156 | 42 | 2 | [36] | ||||||
158/0 | 90 | 145 | 40 | 2 | [33] | ||||
170/3 | Turbostar | 100 | 160 | 4 | 3 | [9] | |||
170/4 | 30 | 3 | [9] | ||||||
318 | British Rail Mark 3 | AC electric | 90 | 145 | 21 | 3 | [37] | ||
320/3 | 22 | 3 | [37] | ||||||
320/4 | 100 | 160 | 12 | 3 | Modified from Class 321 four-car units[37] | ||||
334 | Juniper | 90 | 145 | 40 | 3 | [38] | |||
380/0 | Desiro | 100 | 160 | 22 | 3 | [39] | |||
380/1 | 16 | 4 | [39] | ||||||
385/0 | AT200 | 46 | 3 | [40] | |||||
385/1 | 24 | 4 | [40] | ||||||
Sheffield Supertram | 399 | Citylink | AC and DC electric | 62 | 100 | 5 | 3 | Tram-train, can operate on Supertram 750V DC overhead or Network Rail 25,000V AC overhead. Articulated tram with three body sections.[41] | |
Southeastern | 375/3 | Electrostar | DC electric | 100 | 160 | 10 | 3 | [42] | |
375/6 | 30 | 4 | [42] | ||||||
375/7 | 15 | 4 | [42] | ||||||
375/8 | 30 | 4 | [42] | ||||||
375/9 | 27 | 4 | Outer suburban sets[42] | ||||||
376 | 75 | 120 | 36 | 5 | [43] | ||||
377/5 | AC and DC electric | 100 | 160 | 23 | 4 | [44] | |||
395 | AT300 | AC and DC electric | 140 | 225 | 29 | 6 | [45] | ||
465/0 | Networker | DC electric | 75 | 120 | 50 | 4 | [46] | ||
465/1 | 47 | 4 | [46] | ||||||
465/9 | 24 | 4 | Rebuilt from 465/2[46] | ||||||
466 | 31 | 2 | [47] | ||||||
707 | Desiro City | 100 | 160 | 28 | 5 | [48] | |||
Southern | 171/2 | Turbostar | Diesel | 100 | 160 | 1 | 3 | [49] | |
171/7 | 4 | 2 | [49] | ||||||
171/8 | 12 | 3 | [49] | ||||||
377/1 | Electrostar | DC electric | 100 | 160 | 39 | 4 | 101-139 (earlier headlights / tail lights) | ||
25 | 4 | 140-164 (later headlights / tail lights) | |||||||
377/2 | AC and DC electric | 15 | 4 | [44] | |||||
377/3 | DC electric | 28 | 3 | Modified from 375/3[44] | |||||
377/4 | 75 | 4 | [44] | ||||||
377/6 | 26 | 5 | [44] | ||||||
377/7 | AC and DC electric | 8 | 5 | [44] | |||||
387/2 | 4 | 4 | |||||||
South Western Railway | 158 | Sprinter | Diesel | 90 | 145 | 10 | 2 | [33] | |
159 | 30 | 3 | [50] | ||||||
444 | Desiro | DC electric | 100 | 160 | 45 | 5 | [51] | ||
450 | 127 | 4 | [52] | ||||||
455/7 | British Rail Mark 3 | 75 | 120 | 38 | 4 | [53] | |||
455/8 | 27 | 4 | [53] | ||||||
455/9 | 17 | 4 | [53] | ||||||
458 | Juniper | 36 | 5 | ||||||
484 | D-Train | 60 | 97 | 5 | 2 | Isle of Wight services[54] | |||
701/0 | Aventra | 100 | 160 | 60 | 10 | Units still entering into service | |||
707 | Desiro City | 2 | 5 | [48] | |||||
Thameslink | 700/0 | Desiro City | AC and DC electric | 100 | 160 | 60 | 8 | [55] | |
700/1 | 55 | 12 | [55] | ||||||
TransPennine Express | 185 | Desiro | Diesel | 100 | 160 | 51 | 3 | [56] | |
397 | Civity | AC electric | 125 | 200 | 12 | 5 | TransPennine Express 'Nova 2'[57][58] | ||
802/3 | AT300 | AC electric and diesel | 140 | 225 | 19 | 5 | TransPennine Express 'Nova 1'[26] | ||
Transport for Wales | 150/2 | Sprinter | Diesel | 75 | 120 | 33 | 2 | [22] | |
153 | 30 | 1 | [59] | ||||||
158/0 | 90 | 145 | 24 | 2 | [59] | ||||
197/0 | Civity | 100 | 160 | 30 | 2 | Non-ETCS units; another 21 (ETCS-fitted) units still to enter service | |||
197/1 | 26 | 3 | Units 197113-197126 have some Standard Plus accommodation | ||||||
230 | D-Train | 60 | 97 | 5 | 3 | [59] | |||
231 | FLIRT | 90 | 145 | 11 | 4 | [59] | |||
Vintage Trains | 144 | Pacer | Diesel | 75 | 120 | 3 | 3 | [60] | |
West Midlands Trains | 139 | Parry People Mover | LPG and flywheel[61] | 40 | 64 | 2 | 1 | [62] | |
150/1 | Sprinter | Diesel | 75 | 120 | 3 | 2 | |||
172/0 | Turbostar | 8 | 2 | [63] | |||||
172/1 | 100 | 160 | 4 | 2 | [64] | ||||
172/2 | 12 | 2 | [63] | ||||||
172/3 | 15 | 3 | [63] | ||||||
196/0 | Civity | 12 | 2 | ||||||
196/1 | 14 | 4 | |||||||
350/1 | Desiro | AC electric | 110 | 177 | 30 | 4 | [65] | ||
350/2 | 37 | 4 | [65] | ||||||
350/3 | 10 | 4 | [65] | ||||||
350/4 | 10 | 4 | [65] | ||||||
730/0 | Aventra | 90 | 145 | 48 | 3 |
Locomotives
[edit]Operator | Image | Class | Power source | Maximum speed | Quantity | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mph | km/h | ||||||
Caledonian Sleeper | 73/9 | Diesel | 90 | 145 | 6 | DC electric pick up equipment removed from these locomotives, leased from GB Railfreight[66] | |
92 | AC and DC electric | 87 | 140 | 7 | Leased from GB Railfreight[67] | ||
Chiltern Railways | 68 | Diesel | 100 | 160 | 6 | Leased from Direct Rail Services[68] | |
Colas Rail | 37/0 | Diesel | 90 | 140 | 8 | ||
37/4 | 2 | ||||||
37/6 | 2 | ||||||
43 | 125 | 200 | 10 | [69] | |||
56 | 80 | 129 | 10 | [70] | |||
66 | 75 | 120 | 5 | [71] | |||
67 | 125 | 200 | 2 | [72] | |||
70 | 75 | 120 | 17 | [73] | |||
DB Cargo UK | 60 | Diesel | 60 | 97 | 81 | ||
66 | 75 | 120 | 161 | ||||
67 | 125 | 200 | 24 | Also 7 locomotives leased to Transport for Wales.[74] | |||
90 | AC electric | 110 | 177 | 24 | [75] | ||
92 | AC and DC electric | 87 | 140 | 8 | |||
DCRail | 56 | Diesel | 80 | 129 | 3 | [70] | |
60 | 60 | 97 | 4 | [76] | |||
Direct Rail Services | 37/0 | Diesel | 90 | 140 | 5 | ||
37/4 | 10 | [77] | |||||
37/6 | 7 | ||||||
37/7 | 1 | ||||||
57/0 | 75 | 120 | 9 | [78] | |||
57/3 | 95 | 153 | 8 | ||||
66 | 75 | 120 | 24 | ||||
68 | 100 | 160 | 14 | Also 20 locomotives hired to Chiltern Railways and TransPennine Express[68] | |||
88/0 | AC electric and diesel | 10 | [79] | ||||
East Midlands Railway | 08 | Diesel | 15 | 24 | 4 | [80] | |
Freightliner | 08 | Diesel | 15 | 24 | 9 | [80] | |
59 | 75 | 120 | 14 | [81][82] | |||
66 | 75 | 120 | 108 | ||||
66/6 | 66 | 105 | 19 | [71] | |||
70 | 15 | 24 | 19 | [73] | |||
90 | AC electric | 110 | 177 | 23 | [75][83] | ||
GB Railfreight | 08 | Diesel | 15 | 24 | 3 | [80] | |
09 | 27.5 | 44 | 2 | ||||
47/7 | 75 | 121 | 3 | [84] | |||
50 | 100 | 161 | 2 | [84][85] | |||
56 | 80 | 129 | 18 | [70] | |||
59 | 60 | 97 | 1 | [81] | |||
60 | 60 | 97 | 10 | [84] | |||
66 | 75 | 120 | 92 | [84][71][86] | |||
69 | 80 | 129 | 16 | [87] | |||
73/1 | DC electric and diesel | 90 | 145 | 9 | [66] | ||
73/2 | 3 | [66] | |||||
73/9 | 5 | Also 6 hired to Caledonian Sleeper[66] | |||||
92 | AC and DC electric | 87 | 140 | 9 | Also 7 hired to Caledonian Sleeper [67] | ||
Great Western Railway | 08 | Diesel | 15 | 24 | 8 | [80] | |
43 | 125 | 200 | 35 | [88] | |||
57/6 | 95 | 152 | 4 | [78] | |||
Greater Anglia | 08 | Diesel | 15 | 24 | 3 | ||
Locomotive Services Limited | 20 | Diesel | 75 | 120 | 2 | ||
37 | 80 | 130 | 4 | ||||
40 | 90 | 140 | 1 | [89] | |||
43 | 125 | 200 | 4 | [90] | |||
45 | 90 | 145 | 1 | ||||
47 | 75 | 120 | 9 | ||||
55 | 100 | 160 | 2 | ||||
60 | 60 | 97 | 1 | ||||
73/9 | DC electric and diesel | 90 | 145 | 1 | |||
86 | AC electric | 100 | 160 | 1 | |||
87 | 110 | 180 | 1 | ||||
90 | 110 | 180 | 2 | ||||
London North Eastern Railway | 91 | AC electric | 140 | 225 | 12 | ||
Network Rail | 08 | Diesel | 15 | 24 | 1 | [80] | |
43 | Diesel | 125 | 200 | 5 | Used for the New Measurement Train[91] | ||
97 | Diesel | 80 | 130 | 4 | Modified Class 37 locomotives.[77] | ||
RailAdventure | 43 | Diesel | 125 | 200 | 8 | 6 power cars operational for empty stock movements plus 2 for spares[92] | |
Rail Operations Group | 37 | Diesel | 80 | 130 | 6 | ||
47/4 | 75 | 120 | 6 | ||||
57/3 | 95 | 152 | 4 | ||||
ScotRail | 43 | Diesel | 125 | 200 | 52 | [93] | |
TransPennine Express | 68 | Diesel | 100 | 160 | 14 | TransPennine Express 'Nova 3' trains. Hired from Direct Rail Services.[68][94] | |
Transport for Wales | 67 | Diesel | 125 | 200 | 7 | Leased from DB Cargo UK[74] | |
West Coast Railways | 03 | Diesel | 28.5 | 46 | 3 | ||
08 | 15 | 24 | 3 | [80] | |||
33 | 85 | 137 | 4 | [95] | |||
37 | 80 | 130 | 11 | ||||
47 | 75 | 120 | 22 | ||||
57/0 | 75 | 120 | 3 | [78] | |||
57/3 | 95 | 153 | 4 | [78] | |||
57/6 | 95 | 152 | 1 | [78] | |||
86 | AC electric | 100 | 160 | 1 | |||
West Midlands Trains | 08 | Diesel | 15 | 24 | 2 | [80] |
Passenger coaches and vans
[edit]Operator | Image | Type | Maximum speed | Quantity (Coaches) | Quantity (Driving trailer) | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coach | Driving trailer | mph | km/h | |||||
Caledonian Sleeper | - | Mark 5 | 100 | 160 | 75 | - | [96] | |
Chiltern Railways | Mark 3 | 125 | 200 | 31 | 6 | [97] | ||
DB Cargo UK | Mark 3 | 125 | 200 | 3 | 1 | [97] | ||
Great Western Railway | - | Mark 3 | 125 | 200 | 63 | - | High Speed Train[88] | |
- | Mark 3 | 110 | 177 | 18 | - | Night Riviera sleeper service[97] | ||
Locomotive Services Limited | - | Mark 1 | 100 | 160 | - | - | ||
- | Mark 2 | 100 | 160 | - | - | [98] | ||
- | Mark 3 | 125 | 200 | - | - | |||
London North Eastern Railway | Mark 4 | 140 | 225 | 90 | 10 | InterCity 225[99] | ||
Network Rail | - | Mark 1 | 100 | 160 | - | - | [98] | |
Mark 2 | 100 | 160 | - | - | [98] | |||
Mark 3 | 125 | 200 | 5 | - | New Measurement Train[97] | |||
ScotRail | - | Mark 3 | 125 | 200 | 120 | - | High Speed Train[93] | |
TransPennine Express | Mark 5A | 125 | 200 | 52 | 14 | Trans-Pennine Express 'Nova 3' trains.[96] | ||
Transport for Wales | Mark 4 | 125 | 200 | 37 | 8 | [74] | ||
West Coast Railways | - | Mark 1 | 100 | 160 | - | - | [100] | |
- | Mark 2 | 100 | 160 | - | - | [98] |
Freight wagons
[edit]Examples of modern freight wagons used in Britain. Wagons with UIC codes may also operate in Europe.
Image | TOPS code | UIC code | Type | Wheels | Operator or customer | Usual traffic (and comments) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BYA | - | Covered | 8 | DB Cargo UK | Steel | |
FBA | - | Flat | 8 | GB Railfreight | Containers | |
FEA | - | Open | 8 | Network Rail | Track components | |
FLA | - | Flat | 8 | Freightliner | Containers (Low platform height for tall containers) | |
FNA | - | Flat | 8 | Direct Rail Services | Nuclear flask | |
FNA | Uas | Flat | 8 | Direct Rail Services | Nuclear flask | |
FSA | - | Flat | 8 | Freightliner | Containers | |
HHA | - | Hopper | 8 | Freightliner | Coal | |
HIA | - | Hopper | 8 | Freightliner | Stone | |
HOA | - | Hopper | 8 | DB Cargo UK | Stone | |
HQA | - | Hopper | 8 | Network Rail | Ballast (Auto ballaster) | |
HTA | - | Hopper | 8 | DB Cargo UK | Coal | |
IEA | Ealnos | Open | 8 | Network Rail | Ballast | |
IPA | Laadffoos | Flat | 8 | DB Cargo UK | Cars | |
IYA | Sfhimms | Covered | 8 | DB Cargo UK | Steel | |
JGA | - | Hopper | 8 | GB Railfreight | ||
JHA | - | Hopper | 8 | Mendip Rail | Stone[101] | |
JIA | ? | Hopper | 8 | Imerys | China clay | |
JNA | - | Open | 8 | Mendip Rail | Stone[101] | |
JNA | Ealnos | Open | 8 | Mendip Rail | Stone[101] | |
JNA | - | Open | 8 | Network Rail | Ballast | |
MBA | - | Open | 8 | DB Cargo UK | General goods | |
MEA | - | Open | 4 | DB Cargo UK | Coal | |
MJA | - | Open | 8 | GB Railfreight | General goods | |
MLA | - | Open | 8 | GB Railfreight | Ballast | |
MLA | - | Open | 8 | DB Cargo UK | Ballast or general goods | |
MMA | Ealnos | Open | 8 | DB Cargo UK | Stone or general goods | |
MRA | - | Open | 8 | Network Rail | Ballast (side tipping) | |
MWA | Ealnos | Open | 8 | Freightliner | Stone or general goods | |
PCA | - | Hopper | 4 | Blue Circle Industries | Cement powder | |
VGA | - | Van | 4 | DB Cargo UK | General goods (British Rail design) | |
YWA | - | Flat | 8 | Network Rail | Track components (British Rail 'Salmon' design) | |
YXA | - | Flat | 8 | Network Rail | Track components | |
YXA | Sfkmmss | Flat | 8 | Network Rail | Track components |
Other networks
[edit]- Docklands Light Railway rolling stock
- Eurotunnel rolling stock
- Glasgow Subway rolling stock
- London Underground rolling stock
- Tyne and Wear Metro rolling stock
See also
[edit]British Rail and National Rail
- British Rail locomotive and multiple unit numbering and classification
- Steam locomotives of British Railways
- List of British Rail diesel multiple unit classes
- List of British Rail electric multiple unit classes
- List of British Rail modern traction locomotive classes
Other operators
- NI Rail (Northern Ireland, UK)
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Marsden, Colin J, ed. (2019). Rolling Stock Review. Stamford: Key Publishing. p. 93. ISBN 978-1-912205-98-1.
- ^ "Avanti hands back two Super Voyagers". Rail Express. No. 315. August 2022. p. 26.
- ^ a b Marsden 2019, pp. 146–147
- ^ a b Marsden 2019, pp. 138–139
- ^ Marsden 2019, pp. 124–125
- ^ c2c 720s make passenger debut Modern Railways issue 902 November 2023 page 89
- ^ a b c d Marsden 2019, pp. 74–75
- ^ a b c d e f Marsden 2019, pp. 77–79
- ^ a b c d e Marsden 2019, pp. 80–83
- ^ Marsden 2019, p. 92
- ^ Marsden 2019, p. 114
- ^ a b c East Midlands Railway fleet in focus (Table 2: EMR Fleet and how it is used: Mondays-Fridays) Today's Railways UK issue 242 April 2022 page 31
- ^ a b Class 222 Eversholt Rail Group Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ "New East Midlands Railway trains will not be refurbished in time for electric 'Connect' service". Northamptonshire Evening Telegraph.
- ^ Marsden 2019, p. 129
- ^ Marsden 2019, p. 130
- ^ a b c d Marsden 2019, pp. 143–145
- ^ Grand Central extends hire of ex East Midlands Railway Class 180s The Railway Magazine issue 1472 November 2023 page 95
- ^ Grand Central takes on Voyagers The Railway Magazine issue 1470 September 2023 page 10
- ^ "More '387s' for GTR". Modern Railways. No. August 2022. p. 101.
- ^ Marsden 2019, p. 169
- ^ a b c d e Marsden 2019, pp. 61–63
- ^ GWR reforms Class 158s Railways Illustrated issue 246 August 2023 page 21
- ^ Marsden 2019, p. 76
- ^ "387s take over on Heathrow Express". Modern Railways. February 2021. p. 84.
- ^ a b c d Marsden 2019, pp. 176–181
- ^ a b Marsden 2019, p. 171
- ^ a b Marsden 2019, pp. 172–173
- ^ Marsden 2019, p. 163
- ^ "153s for NR infrastructure fleet". Modern Railways. June 2021. p. 85.
- ^ Sprinter track recorder handed-over to BR The Railway Magazine issue 1041 January 1988 page 9
- ^ Marsden 2019, p. 66
- ^ a b c d e Marsden 2019, pp. 69–71
- ^ Marsden 2019, pp. 112–113
- ^ a b Marsden 2019, p. 115
- ^ a b Marsden 2019, p. 117
- ^ a b c Marsden 2019, p. 104
- ^ Marsden 2019, p. 118
- ^ a b Marsden 2019, p. 141
- ^ a b Marsden 2019, p. 142
- ^ Marsden 2019, p. 150
- ^ a b c d e Marsden 2019, pp. 132–133
- ^ Marsden 2019, p. 134
- ^ a b c d e f Marsden 2019, pp. 135–137
- ^ Marsden 2019, p. 160
- ^ a b c Marsden 2019, p. 161
- ^ Marsden 2019, p. 148
- ^ a b SWR keeps last two 707s Modern Railways issue 903 December 2023 page 87
- ^ a b c Marsden 2019, p. 84
- ^ Marsden 2019, pp. 72–73
- ^ Marsden 2019, p. 152
- ^ Marsden 2019, pp. 153–154
- ^ a b c Marsden 2019, pp. 155–156
- ^ "483s bow out as Island Line closure begins". Modern Railways. February 2021. p. 85.
- ^ a b Marsden 2019, pp. 165–166
- ^ Marsden 2019, p. 89
- ^ "More new trains for the North and Scotland". Transpennine Express. 20 May 2016. Archived from the original on 26 May 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
- ^ Marsden 2019, p. 149
- ^ a b c d Abbott, James (2023). "Wales welcomes new trains". Modern Railways. No. October. pp. 56–62.
- ^ "Four operators receive further PPM dispensations". Modern Railways. February 2021. p. 12.
- ^ "PPM 50/ PPM 60 Specification". Parry People Movers. Archived from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 14 October 2008.
- ^ Marsden 2019, p. 56
- ^ a b c Marsden 2019, pp. 85–86
- ^ "Chiltern 172s move to West Midlands". Modern Railways. June 2021. p. 84.
- ^ a b c d Marsden 2019, pp. 121–123
- ^ a b c d Marsden 2019, pp. 44–45
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