Paraguayan Air Force
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (January 2024) |
| Paraguayan Air Force | |
|---|---|
| Fuerza Aérea Paraguaya | |
 Emblem of the Paraguayan Air Force | |
| Founded | 1946[1] |
| Country |  Paraguay |
| Type | Air force |
| Role | Aerial warfare |
| Size | 1,100 personnel (2012) 38 aircraft (2023) |
| Part of | Armed Forces of Paraguay |
| Headquarters | Asunción |
| Patron | Our Lady of Loreto |
| Motto(s) | Spanish: Vencer o Morir "Win or Die" |
| March | Canción de la Fuerza Aérea |
| Anniversaries | December 10 (day of Our Lady of Loreto) |
| Engagements | Paraguayan Civil War (1922-1923) Chaco War Paraguayan Civil War (1947) 1989 Paraguayan coup d'état Insurgency in Paraguay |
| Condecorations | Chaco Cross, Defender's Cross, Boquerón Medal |
| Website | [1] |
| Commanders | |
| Interim Commander of the Air Force | Air Division General Julio Rubén Fullaondo Céspedes |
| Chief of the Air Force General Staff | Air Division General Rubén Darío Piris Fernández |
| Insignia | |
| Roundel |  |
| Fin flash |  |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Attack | Embraer EMB 312 Tucano |
| Helicopter | Bell UH-1H, Helibras HB350 |
| Reconnaissance | Diamond DA62 |
| Trainer | ENAER T-35 Pillán |
| Transport | Beechcraft Baron, CASA C-212, Cessna 208 |
The Paraguayan Air Force (Spanish: Fuerza Aérea Paraguaya) is a branch of the Armed Forces of Paraguay, in charge of the defense of Paraguay's skies. Its interim commander is Air Division General Julio Rubén Fullaondo Céspedes.[needs update] Its headquarters are located in Ñu Guazu, Luque, a city which belongs to Gran Asunción.
History
[edit]While the formal beginning of Paraguayan military aviation is often traced to the end of the 1920s, when the First Fighter Squadron and the First Reconnaissance Squadron were formed with French Wilbaut 72s and Potez 25 A.2s respectively, the airplane had already been used in combat in limited numbers in the 1922 Civil War, mostly flown by foreign pilots.
The Paraguayan Air Force (then called the Military Aviation) played an important part in the Paraguayan victory in the Chaco War, being present from the first to the last actions of the conflict. In 1932, the Second Reconnaissance and Bombing Squadron, with Potez 25 aircraft, and in 1933, the Eleventh Fighter Squadron «Los Indios», with Fiat CR.20bis, were formed.[2]
After the war, until the end of the 1930s, the government acquired a series of new planes to reequip the Paraguayan Air Force, including five Fiat CR.32 fighters and seven Caproni AP.1 light attack aircraft, which were used to equip the two fighter squadrons. In 1945, some planes were also donated by the United States as the Second World War wound down.
In the following decades, the Air Force had practically no combat-ready planes, though it had many foreign-trained pilots. It was only in the 1970s that the Air Force received a dozen outdated but still armed T-6 Texan planes and started again training pilots in its own soil. By the end of the 1970s though most of the aircraft inventory was still World War II vintage. The government decided to buy ten AT-26 Xavante from Brazil in order to be able to defend the Paraguayan airspace; the first three aircraft arrived in December 1979 at the International Airport of Asunción.
When, in 1989, a coup was started against long-standing dictator Alfredo Stroessner, fighter pilots 1st Lts. Juan Antonio Rojas Duré and Gerardo Miguel Ángel Maldonado Gómez, piloting Xavantes, made a series of aggressive flyovers above the loyalist forces, a deeply demoralizing action, for the latter had no way to defend themselves against the combat jets. The action of the Air Force, together with coup leader General Andrés Rodríguez's artillery superiority, led to a hasty surrender by Stroessner's forces.
In 1990 the Taiwanese government donated six T-33 Shooting Star jets to the Air Force, of which the first few arrived in 1991. The Taiwanese had also announced they would donate twelve F-5E/F fighter jets to Paraguay, with provisions for supplies, maintenance and the training of ground crew and pilots, but due to international issues this movement didn't go through.
The AT-26 Xavante were deactivated permanently in 2004, after twenty five years of service in the Air Force.
From circa 2014/2015 onwards, plans were started to modernize the branch, through strong licitations, law projects in the Congress and contracts with multinational corporations. A few achievements were noted in specialized news sources:
- The acquisition and unveiling of ELTA EL/M 2106 NG radar sets.[3]
- The start of the acquisition process for a parachuting simulator, and for drone interception equipment.[4]
- The acquisition of different flight simulators.[5][6][7]
- The creation of a federal program for the research and development of UAVs.[8]
Besides this, studies have been made for the acquisition of Embraer EMB 314 Super Tucano planes, and also a delegation sent to the scene of the negotiations between Peru and South Korea for the KT-1P.[9] In 2019, a delegation was sent to Argentina to discuss the purchase of helicopters and the IA-63 Pampa.[10] In the same year, a Paraguayan company started to produce under license the Brazilian RQ-17 ION UAV.[11][12]
In April 2021, the PAF did flight-tests of the Wega 180, and in November, of the first prototypes of Paraguayan-made UAVs.[13][14][15]
In December 2022, a delegation from the PAF evaluated the RPA-240 radar, which it planned to use against the Narcotráfico.[16] In the same year, its T-35 Pillán were sent back to ENAER for an overhaul.[17]
In April 2023, the PAF C-in-C signed a declaration of interest with the Fabrica Argentina de Aviones for the acquisition of the IA-100 trainer.[18] In December 2023, Arturo Javier González Ocampo, who had been the PAF's Commander in Chief until November, was arrested by the Federal Police of Brazil amidst an investigation on arms trafficking.[19]
Overall, as it stands, due to many budgetary and political issues, the PAF's equipment can be considered mostly obsolete.
Peacekeeping
[edit]The Paraguayan Air Force participates and has participated in various humanitarian missions headed by the UN, namely:
- Haiti (MINUSTAH)
- Cyprus (UNFICYP)
- Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC)
- Chad and the Central African Republic (MINURCAT)
- Ivory Coast (ONUCI)
- Sudan (UNMIS)
- Liberia (UNMIL)
- Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO)
Structure
[edit]The Air Force is composed of the Aerial Tactical Group (GAT) with three fighter squadrons, the Aerial Transport Group (GTA) which includes a paratrooper brigade, the Aerial Helicopter Group (GAH) and its SAR squadron, a utility squadron, a ground attack squadron, the Aerial Instruction Group (GAI), the Aerial Photogrammetric Group (GAF) and the Aerial Maintenance Group Sector (SEMAER). The last three units have no aircraft assigned to them.
Besides these, there exist the Instruction Institutes Command and the Aerial Regions Command; the latter has nominal jurisdiction over twelve landing strips and airports, six of which are air bases.
First Aerial Brigade
[edit]- Aerial Tactical Group
- 1.º Fighter Squadron «Guaraní» (Escadrilles «Orion» y «Centauro»), deactivated
- 2.º Fighter Squadron «Indios» (Escadrilles «Taurus» y «Scorpio»), deactivated
- 3.º Fighter Squadron «Moros» (Escadrilles «Gamma» y «Omega»): EMB-312
- Aerial Instruction Group «Fénix Squadron»: T-25A
- «Antares» / «Pantera» / «Halcón» Squadrons: T-35A/B
- Aerial Transport Group:
- Aerial Helicopter Group: UH-1H, HB-350
- Special Aerial Transport Group: C-208, CE u206, Ce 210N, Ce 402B, PA 32R, PZL 104
- Aerial Photogrammetric Group
Airmobile Brigade
[edit]- Paratrooper Battalion
- Support and Services Battalion
- Paratrooper Squadron
- Airmobile Infantry Battalion
- Security Battalion
Aerial Regions Command
[edit]- Western Regional Command
- Eastern Regional Command
- Environmental Directory
- PAF Environmental Fire Marshal Corps
- Communications and Meteorology Directory
- Forestry and Agriculture Directorate
- Workshops and Transportation Directory
- Infrastructure and Engineering Group
Logistics Brigade
[edit]- Quartermaster Directory
- Land Transport Directory
- Weaponry Directory
- Health Services Directory
- Aerial Supply Group
- Aerial Maintenance Group
- PAF Mobilization and Recruitment Directory
Instruction Institutes Command
[edit]- Air Force Command and General Staff School
- Air Force Officer Improvement School
- Air Force Non-Commissioned Officer Formation School
- Specialized Instruction Center
- Air Force Language Studies Center
- Reserve Officers Formation Center
Air Bases
[edit]The Paraguayan Air Force operates from around 7 air bases, together with 4 civilian international airports and 3 civilian national airports:
| Name | Location | Notes/Mission |
|---|---|---|
| Ñu Guasu Air Base | Luque, Gran Asunción | Headquarters station, merged with the International Airport of Asunción. Also home to the Air Force Museum.[20] |
| Silvio Pettirossi International Airport | Luque, Gran Asunción | Civilian international airport. |
| General Adrián Jara Air Base | Alto Paraguay | |
| Nueva Asunción Air Base | Boquerón Department | |
| Mayor Infante Rivarola Air Base | Boquerón Department | Built around landing strip used by military and civilian aircraft.[21] |
| Teniente Pratts Gill Air Base | Boquerón Department | |
| Luis María Argaña Air Base | Mariscal Estigarribia, Boquerón Department | Base connected to the Dr. Luis María Argaña International Airport, used by civilians and the military. Has a radar array.[22] |
| Mariscal Francisco Solano López Air Base | Concepción, Concepción Department | Connected to the Teniente Coronel Carmelo Peralta Airport. |
| Doctor Augusto Roberto Fuster Air Base | Pedro Juan Caballero, Amambay | Connected to the Dr. Augusto Roberto Fuster Airport. |
| Guaraní Air Base | Minga Guazú, Alto Paraná | Connected to the Guaraní International Airport. |
| Aviadores del Chaco Air Base | Itapúa Department | |
| Amín Ayub González Air Base | Encarnación, Itapúa Department | Connected to the Teniente Amin Ayub Gonzalez Airport. |
| Yacyretá Air Base | Yacyretá Island, Misiones Department | Located close to the Yacyretá Dam. |
| Ayolas Air Base | Ayolas, Misiones Department | Located close to the Yacyretá Dam. |
| Cerro Cora National Park Military Airport | Amambay Department |
Equipment
[edit]Aircraft
[edit]Current inventory
[edit]
| Aircraft | Origin | Type | Variant | In service | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combat aircraft | |||||
| EMB 314 Super Tucano | Brazil | light attack / trainer | 6 on order[23] | ||
| EMB 312 Tucano | Brazil | light attack / trainer | 6 | To be modernized[24] | |
| Reconnaissance | |||||
| Diamond DA62 | Austria | surveillance | 1[24] | ||
| Transport aircraft | |||||
| Cessna 208 | United States | transport | 5[24] | ||
| CASA C-212 | Spain | transport / MEDEVAC | 3[24] | ||
| Beechcraft Baron | United States | transport | 1[24] | ||
| Helicopters | |||||
| Helibras HB350 | Brazil | utility | 1[24] | ||
| Bell UH-1 | United States | utility | UH-1H | 12[24] | Only a few units operable[25] |
| Trainer aircraft | |||||
| ENAER T-35 | Chile | basic trainer | 9[24] | ||
Retired
[edit]Armament
[edit]The EMB 314 Super Tucano and Embraer EMB 312 Tucano fighters can carry Mk 81 and Mk 82 bombs, 70mm aerial rockets and .50 machine guns.[citation needed] The Helibras HB350 helicopter can also carry 70 mm aerial rockets, and pods with .50 machine guns or cannons.[26]
Radar
[edit]Paraguay employs approximately 3 Israeli made EL/M 2106 NG radars which provide a 3D picture of the controlled airspace.[27]
References
[edit]- ^ Nickson, R. Andrew (2015). Historical Dictionary of Paraguay. Rowman & Littlefield.
- ^ Breve Historia de la FAP
- ^ de Martini, Fernando (15 May 2013). "Brasil e Paraguai avançam para firmar normas binacionais de defesa aérea". Poder Aéreo (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-01-01.
- ^ InfoDefensa, Revista Defensa. "La Fuerza Aérea de Paraguay licita adquisición de simulador de caída libre para paracaidistas". Infodefensa - Noticias de defensa, industria, seguridad, armamento, ejércitos y tecnología de la defensa (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-07-31.
- ^ "Imagen de un soldado paraguayo y un niño utilizando un simulador de vuelo en el stand de la FAP en la Expo de Mariano 2023". Facebook.
- ^ "Imagen de un piloto paraguayo utilizando el simulador de vuelo Pirassununga-BR (pág-9)" (PDF).
- ^ "FAP solicitó un interceptor de drones".
- ^ "Programa de investigación y desarrollo de drones nacionales de Paraguay. Pág 32" (PDF).
- ^ Defensa.com (2015-09-08). "La Fuerza Aérea Paraguaya, interesada en adquirir el KT-1P, prueba en Perú la aeronave - Noticias Defensa Paraguay". Defensa.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-07-31.
- ^ InfoDefensa, Revista Defensa. "Paraguay prioriza la compra de helicópteros al Pampa III". Infodefensa - Noticias de defensa, industria, seguridad, armamento, ejércitos y tecnología de la defensa (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-07-31.
- ^ "Empresa paraguaya fabricará drones - Nacionales - ABC Color". www.abc.com.py (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-07-31.
- ^ "¡Sin precedentes! Aviones no tripulados se producirán en Paraguay". infonegocios.com.py. Retrieved 2023-07-31.
- ^ "Exitoso vuelo de prueba de las aeronaves no tripuladas "Ñahati 11" y "Pitogüe"". Moopio. 2021-11-24. Retrieved 2023-07-31.
- ^ "EXHIBICIÓN DE LA AERONAVE WEGA 180 :: Fuerza Aérea Paraguaya". www.fuerzaaerea.mil.py. Retrieved 2023-07-31.
- ^ "VUELO DE PRUEBA DE LA AERONAVE WEGA 180 :: Fuerza Aérea Paraguaya". www.fuerzaaerea.mil.py. Retrieved 2023-07-31.
- ^ Redacción (2022-12-01). "Las Fuerzas Armadas de Paraguay demuestran interés en la adquisición de radares de INVAP". Zona Militar (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-07-31.
- ^ "Visita de la Comisión Verificadora FAP a la ENAER :: Fuerza Aérea Paraguaya". www.fuerzaaerea.mil.py. Retrieved 2023-07-31.
- ^ "La Fuerza Aérea Paraguaya formalizó una declaración para adquirir el avión IA100 fabricado por FAdeA". Argentina.gob.ar (in Spanish). 2023-04-24. Retrieved 2023-07-31.
- ^ "Saiba quem é o ex-comandante da Força Aérea do Paraguai preso em megaoperação da PF". www.cnnbrasil.com.br. Retrieved 2024-01-05.
- ^ "Museo :: Fuerza Aérea Paraguaya". www.fuerzaaerea.mil.py. Retrieved 2023-07-31.
- ^ "Aeródromo de Infante Rivarola mejorará conectividad en el Chaco". RCC (in Spanish). 20 June 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ "Mistério da base dos EUA inquieta paraguaios". Folha de S. Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2 October 2005. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ Rosenberg, Zach (23 July 2024). "Farnborough 2024: Paraguay purchases six Embraer A-29 Super Tucanos". Jane's. Retrieved 2024-10-19.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "World Air Forces 2023". Flightglobal Insight. 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
- ^ Porfilio, Gabriel (2021). "Fallecen tres personas al estrellarse un helicóptero UH-1H de la Fuerza Aérea Paraguaya". Flightglobal Insight. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
- ^ "Licitaciones de cohetes de 70mm y bombas Bex-11".
- ^ InfoDefensa, Revista Defensa. "La Fuerza Aérea paraguaya presenta oficialmente unos de sus radares 3D". Infodefensa - Noticias de defensa, industria, seguridad, armamento, ejércitos y tecnología de la defensa (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-06-14.
