Papilio chikae
| Papilio chikae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Male | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Papilionidae |
| Genus: | Papilio |
| Species: | P. chikae
|
| Binomial name | |
| Papilio chikae Igarashi, 1965 [3]
| |
Papilio chikae, the Luzon peacock swallowtail, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It was first described in 1965 and is endemic to the island of Luzon in the Philippines.[4][5]
It is listed as endangered by the IUCN and ESA,[1][6] and is included on Appendix I of CITES,[7] thereby making commercial international trade illegal.
Description
[edit]Male Luzon peacock swallowtail have golden-green scales on the tops of its forewings and hindwings, with the hindwings having green and red patches.[8] Its wing tails are relatively long and narrow with green patches.[8] Female Luzon peacock swallowtails have longer tails.[5]
Habitat and Distribution
[edit]Papilio chikae are found at elevations of 1500 meters and above in the northern region of the island of Luzon.[5] They can be found around Mt. Santo Tomas but not the nearby Sierra Madre mountain range, which is presumably at too low of an altitude.[5] They can be found from February through October.[8] Their high altitude habitat is disrupted by meadows, shrub land, and ravines.[8]
Taxonomy
[edit]Until recently, Papilio chikae was described as having two subspecies: P. c. chikae, endemic to the island of Luzon and P. c. hermeli, endemic to the island of Mindoro, however new information about the genetic makeup of the subspecies lead to the reclassification of P. c. hermeli as its own species: P. hermeli[9][10]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Gimenez Dixon, M. (1996). "Papilio chikae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T15986A5341006. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T15986A5341006.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
- ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
- ^ Igarashi, S.(1965). Papilio chikae, an unrecorded Papilionid butterfly from Luzon island, the Philippines. Tyo To Ga (Transactions of the Lepidopterists' Society of Japan) 16:41-49.
- ^ Page, M.G.P. and C.G. Treadaway (2003). Papilionidae of the Philippine Islands. Butterflies of the world. Part 17, supplement 8. Verlag Goecke & Evers.
- ^ a b c d Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985). Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: the lUCN Red Data Book. IUCN. pp. 364–366. ISBN 2 88032-603-6.
- ^ "Luzon peacock swallowtail butterfly (Papilio chikae)". U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Retrieved 2024-10-21.
- ^ CITES (2011). Appendices I, II and III. Version 27 April 2011.
- ^ a b c d "Luzon Peacock Swallowtail: Papilio chikae - SBBT". 2017-09-15. Retrieved 2024-11-03.
- ^ Cabusas, John Vincent B.; Barrion-Dupo, Aimee-Lynn A.; Latina, Romnick A.; Caoili, Barbara L. (2020-09-07). "Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I and II (COI and COII) Sequences Support Recognition of Papilio chikae Igarashi and Papilio hermeli Nuyda as Distinct Species" (PDF). Philippine Journal of Science. 150 (Special Issue on Biodiversity): 111–119.
- ^ Condamine, Fabien L.; Allio, Rémi; Reboud, Eliette L.; Dupuis, Julian R.; Toussaint, Emmanuel F. A.; Mazet, Nathan; Hu, Shao-Ji; Lewis, Delano S.; Kunte, Krushnamegh; Cotton, Adam M.; Sperling, Felix A. H. (2023-06-01). "A comprehensive phylogeny and revised taxonomy illuminate the origin and diversification of the global radiation of Papilio (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 183: 107758. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107758. ISSN 1055-7903.
Other reading
[edit]- Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach, 1998 Schmetterlinge der Erde, Butterflies of the World Part I (1), Papilionidae Papilionidae I: Papilio, Subgenus Achillides, Bhutanitis, Teinopalpus. Edited by Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach. Keltern: Goecke & Evers; Canterbury: Hillside Books ISBN 9783931374624
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