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Palestinians in Chile

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Palestinians in Chile
Total population
430 - 500 thousand (about 2.5% of the population of 18 million)[1]
Regions with significant populations
Santiago, La Calera
Languages
Spanish, Arabic
Religion
Majority Christianity (Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism)
Minority Islam
Related ethnic groups
Arab Chileans

Palestinians in Chile (Arabic: فلسطينيو تشيلي) are believed to be the largest Palestinian community outside of the Arab world.[2] There are around 6 million Palestinians living in diaspora, mainly in the Middle East. Estimates of the number of Palestinian descendants in Chile range from 450,000 to 500,000.[3][4][5]

Migration history

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Flags of Chile and Palestine.

The earliest Palestinian migrants came in the 1850s during the Crimean War, fleeing due to Russia's intent to capture and control the Holy Land.[citation needed] They worked mainly as businessmen and also in agriculture. Other migrants arrived before and during World War I and later the 1948 Palestine war.[6] By origin they primarily came from the cities of Beit Jala, Bethlehem, and Beit Sahour.[7] Most of these early migrants were Christians. They typically landed at Argentine ports, and crossed the Andes by mule into Chile.[8] Chilean Palestinians are often erroneously but also intentionally called turcos (Spanish for Turks) after the Ottoman nationality that early immigrants had on their passports. Contrary to the immigration of Germans and other western European nationalities, the immigration of Palestinians was not considered beneficial by Chilean intellectuals, and was even, alongside Eastern European, Chinese, and Japanese immigration, questioned.[9] The arrival of the Palestinian immigrants to Chile in the early 20th century happened at the same time the Chilean state stopped sponsoring immigration to Chile and the country suffered a severe social and economic crisis coupled with a wave of nationalism with xenophobic and racist undertones.[9] Immigrants were also at times treated in highly denigrating terms by the Chilean press; for example, El Mercurio wrote in 1911:[9]

Whether they are Mohammedans or Buddhists, what one can see and smell from far, is that they are more dirty than the dogs of Constantinople...

— El Mercurio, April 13, 1911.

Many of the immigrants were very poor and illiterate and had to take loans to pay their travel costs.[9] Once in Chile, Palestinians settled largely in the marginal areas of cities and worked as small merchants.[9] In the 1950s by the time of the second government of Carlos Ibáñez del Campo many Palestinian-Chileans had acquired substantial economic as well as political power in Chile, some working as deputies, ministers or ambassadors.[9]

Aside from these migrants of previous decades, Chile has also taken in some Palestinian refugees in later years, as in April 2008 when it received 117 from the Al-Waleed refugee camp on the Syria–Iraq border near the Al-Tanf crossing.[10] All of those refugees were Sunni Muslims.[9]

People who hold a Diplomatic or Official Palestinian Passport can visit Chile as tourists for up to 90 days, without a Visa.[11]

Religion

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The vast majority of the Palestinian community in Chile follow Christianity. The largest denomination is Orthodox Christian followed by Roman Catholic, and in fact, the number of Palestinian Christians in the diaspora in Chile alone exceeds the number of those who have remained in their homeland.[6] One early Palestinian church in Santiago, the Iglesia Ortodoxa San Jorge, was founded in 1917.[12] Some Palestinians in Chile are Sunni Muslims.

Community organizations

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The Club Palestino is one of the most prestigious social clubs in Santiago; it offers swimming, tennis, and dining facilities to its members. There is also a soccer team, C.D. Palestino, whose uniform is in the traditional Palestinian colours red, green, and white. The team has been champion of the Chilean Primera División twice.[6] Also, some Chilean-Palestinian footballers like Roberto Bishara and Alexis Norambuena have played for the Palestine national football team. Other Chileans of Palestinian origin, such as Luis Antonio Jiménez, played international football for Chile and several foreign clubs.

A number of Palestinians in Chile have shown significant concern with the situation of Palestine, for example, the president of the Cámara de Comercio (chamber of commerce) of the Barrio Patronato, himself a Palestinian, in 2006 organised a protest regarding the 2006 Lebanon War; Lebanese and Palestinian flags were widely seen in the neighbourhood's streets at that time.[12] On another occasion, outside the Club Palestino and again in front of the Colegio Árabe, someone wrote on the sidewalk "Árabe=terrorismo" ("Arabs=terrorism") and "Palestina no existe" ("Palestine does not exist").[13]

In literature

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A number of Chilean novels have featured Palestinian characters and discussed the experience of Palestinian immigrants in the country, such as El viajero de la alfombra mágica by Walter Garib, Los turcos by Roberto Sarah, and Peregrino de ojos brillantes, by Jaime Hales.[14]

Notable people

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See also

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References

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Notes

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  1. ^ "CHILE TRAVEL GUIDE". CHILE TRAVEL GUIDE. Archived from the original on 27 January 2012.
  2. ^ "Los palestinos miran con esperanza su futuro en Chile sin olvidar Gaza e Irak", El Economista, 11 February 2009, archived from the original on 20 July 2011, retrieved 29 July 2009
  3. ^ 500.000 mil descendientes de palestinos en Chile. Archived 2009-07-22 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ "Arabes en Chile". www.blog-v.com. Archived from the original on 18 August 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
  5. ^ "Palestinians". Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
  6. ^ a b c Holston, Mark (1 November 2005), "Orgullosos palestinos de Chile", Américas (in Spanish), ISSN 0379-0975, archived from the original on 5 May 2012, retrieved 29 July 2009
  7. ^ Samamé 2003, p. 52
  8. ^ Cerda, Claudio (13 January 2009), "In remote Chile, Palestinians pray for cease-fire", Reuters, archived from the original on 15 December 2020, retrieved 2 August 2009
  9. ^ a b c d e f g Rebolledo Hernández, Antonia (1994). "La "Turcofobia". Discriminación antiárabe en Chile, 1900-1950". Historia (in Spanish). 28: 249–272.
  10. ^ Henríquez, Andrea (31 March 2008), "Chile recibirá a refugiados palestinos", BBC World, archived from the original on 20 September 2018, retrieved 29 July 2009
  11. ^ Nacional, Biblioteca del Congreso. "Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional | Ley Chile". www.bcn.cl/leychile. Archived from the original on 24 May 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
  12. ^ a b "Palestino lucha por la paz desde Patronato: Carlos Abusleme chantó banderas en honor a los caídos del pueblo libanés", La Cuarta, 9 August 2006, archived from the original on 7 July 2011, retrieved 29 July 2009
  13. ^ "Palestinos inquietos por rayados ofensivos", Diario el Día, archived from the original on 7 July 2011, retrieved 30 July 2009
  14. ^ Samamé 2003

Sources

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Palestinian diaspora in Chile.
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