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Paciano Rizal

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the Filipino revolutionary and brother of José Rizal. For the barangay in Calamba, Laguna, see Paciano Rizal, Calamba.
In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Mercado and the second or maternal family name is Realonda.
Paciano Rizal
General Paciano Rizal Monument, Tomb, Park and Shrine
Birth namePaciano Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
Born(1851-03-09)March 9, 1851
Calamba, Laguna, Captaincy General of the Philippines, Spanish Empire
DiedApril 13, 1930(1930-04-13) (aged 79)
Los Baños, Laguna, Philippine Islands
Buried
Paciano Rizal shrine, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
Allegiance First Philippine Republic
Republic of Biak-na-Bato
Katipunan
Service / branchPhilippine Revolutionary Army
Years of service1897–1900
RankBrigadier General
Battles / warsPhilippine Revolution
Philippine–American War
Relations

Paciano Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda (March 9, 1851 – April 13, 1930) was a Filipino general and revolutionary, and the older brother of José Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines.

Early life

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Paciano Rizal was born to Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y Alejandro (1818–1897) and Teodora Alonso y Quintos (1827–1911; whose family later changed their surname to "Realonda"), as the second of eleven children born to a wealthy family in the town of Calamba, Laguna.

In 1870, he accompanied his younger brother, Jose, to Biñan, Laguna in order to assist him in enrolling in the school of Sr. Justiniano Aquino Cruz. He also accompanied him, two years later, in Manila since Jose would already start his secondary education at Ateneo Municipal de Manila.[1]

He grew up witnessing the abuses of the clergy and the Spanish colonial government. As a young student, together with Felipe Buencamino and Gregorio Sancianco, Paciano was a founding member of La Juventud Liberal, a reformist student organization that worked under the direction of the Comite de Reformadores, among whose leaders was Padre José Burgos. Among their tasks was to secretly distribute copies of the reformist paper, El Eco Filipino, while pretending to be purveyors of horse fodder (zacateros).

Burgos, who was Paciano's friend and teacher, was later implicated in the Cavite mutiny of 1872 and summarily executed at Bagumbayan, Manila.[2]

Revolutionary

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Paciano joined and actively supported Propaganda Movement for social reforms, and supported the Movement's newspaper, Diariong Tagalog. An avid supporter of the movement, he did tasks such as collecting funds to finance the said organization and solicited money for the nationalist paper.

In January 1897, after his younger brother's execution, Paciano joined General Emilio Aguinaldo in Cavite. He was appointed brigadier general of the revolutionary forces, and was elected Secretary of Finance in the Departmental Government of Central Luzon.[2]

During the Philippine–American War (1899–1913), he commanded the Filipino forces in Laguna. U.S. troops captured him in Laguna on 1900.[2] He was released soon after, and he settled in the town of Los Baños, Laguna.

Death

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He lived a quiet life as a gentleman farmer, and died on April 13, 1930, at the age of 79 of tuberculosis.[2][3]

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Ancestry

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ De Ocampo, Esteban. Paciano Rizal. p. 6.
  2. ^ a b c d The National Historical Institute, Paciano A. Rizal (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-26, retrieved 2010-08-02
  3. ^ Smbea Mabelle, A Rizal in Los Baños, Wired! Philippines, msc.edu.ph, retrieved 2008-07-04 {{citation}}: External link in |series= (help)
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