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Ozone Disco fire

Coordinates: 14°38′06″N 121°02′09″E / 14.63500°N 121.03583°E / 14.63500; 121.03583
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Ozone Disco fire
DateMarch 18, 1996; 28 years ago (1996-03-18)
Time11:35 p.m. (UTC+08:00)
LocationQuezon City, Philippines
Coordinates14°38′06″N 121°02′09″E / 14.63500°N 121.03583°E / 14.63500; 121.03583
TypeFire
CauseUnknown, believed to be electrical fire
Deaths162
Non-fatal injuries95

The Ozone Disco fire in Quezon City, Philippines, broke out on March 18, 1996, leaving at least 162 people dead. It is officially acknowledged as the worst fire in Philippine history,[1][2] and among the 10 worst nightclub fires in the world.[3][4]

History

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Ozone Disco was located near the 11th World Scout Jamboree Memorial Rotonda along Timog Avenue. Its building and the land it stood on was a music venue for the most part. Initially, the site housed the jazz club "Birdland", which was owned by Sergio Orgaoow and operated from 1978 until 1990.[5]

When Birdland closed, Orgaoow sold the building and lot to Westwood Entertainment Company, Inc.'s owner and president Hermilo Ocampo.[6][7] Initially, the Ocampos planned to use the site for residential reasons but the family instead converted it to a discotheque, noting the rise of electronic music in the Philippines. Westwood Entertainment attracted investors and refurbished the building, adding a new portion to the already existing building. This new addition, which faced Timog Avenue, housed the disco's cafe area.

The disco opened in 1991 and became a popular spot in Quezon City for students and young professionals in the mid-'90s.

Incident

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The fire broke out just before midnight on March 18, 1996. At the time of the fire, it was estimated that there were around 350 patrons and 40 club employees inside Ozone Disco, though it has a capacity of only 35 people.[1][7] Most of the club guests were high school and college students attending graduation or end-of-the-school-year celebrations.[8] Survivors reported seeing sparks flying inside the disc jockey's booth shortly before midnight, followed by smoke which they thought was part of the DJ's party plan.[1] Another survivor added that after about 15 seconds of smoke, the electrical systems of the disco shut down; flames quickly became visible.[9] The DJ, another survivor, recalled the microphone died as he was about to warn everyone about the fire.[10]

Many of the bodies were discovered along the corridor leading to the only exit, piled up waist-high.[1] Through initial investigations, it was determined that that no proper fire exit was installed;[8] Quezon City officials were quoted as saying that the club's only known emergency exit was blocked by a new building next door,[1] which journalists stated that the aforementioned emergency exit only led to the female restroom of an adjoining establishment. It was also reported that the exit had been locked from the outside by the club's security guards, who had thought that a riot had taken place.[7]

A 2008 photograph of the Ozone Disco building in Timog Avenue, Quezon City. The structure remained standing until 2015; it was never restored for commercial use and remained undisturbed until its demolition in March 2015, and a new structure built thereafter.

Casualties

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The final death count was reported as between 160[11] and 162 people, the latter being the figure cited by the trial court that heard the ensuing criminal case.[7] In addition, at least 95 people were injured.[7] The death toll was one of the worst ever for a nightclub fire,[8] though it was subsequently surpassed by the República Cromañón nightclub fire.

Investigation and aftermath

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Six people involved with Westwood Entertainment were tried before the courts for criminal charges of "reckless imprudence resulting in multiple homicide and multiple serious injuries".[7][11] On March 16, 2001, the president of Westwood Entertainment, Hermilo Ocampo, and the corporation's treasurer, Ramon Ng, were found guilty by a Quezon City trial court and sentenced to a four-year prison term, and fined 25 million pesos each.[7][11] They and their co-accused (who were acquitted) were also ordered to indemnify the families of the deceased 150,000 pesos, and 100,000 pesos to the injured. The trial court concluded that Ocampo and Ng failed to provide fire exits and sprinklers inside the establishment, that the fire extinguishers they placed were defective, and that the lone exit was through a small door that swung inward and did not meet the standard set by the building code.[7] A former employee who was among the survivors of the fire has claimed that the inward swinging doors were installed because it was good feng shui.[12]

In November 2001, twelve officials of the Quezon City government were charged before the Sandiganbayan for reckless imprudence resulting in multiple homicides and multiple serious injuries. They were accused of allowing Ozone Disco to secure a certificate of annual inspection in 1995 "despite the inadequacy, insufficiency and impropriety of the documents submitted by the owners".[11] In 2007, one of the twelve – the former city engineer and building official of Quezon City, Alfredo Macapugay – was discharged from criminal and civil liability after the Sandiganbayan concluded that he had no hand in the issuance of the necessary permits to Ozone Disco management.[13]

On November 20, 2014, seven officials of the Quezon City government were found guilty under the Philippines' anti-graft and corrupt practices law by the country's anti-graft court Sandiganbayan. They were held liable for negligence in connection with the approval of the building permit and issuance of certificates of occupancy for the company which owned Ozone. The club's owners were also found to be liable.[14] The court affirmed its decision in April 2015.[15]

Former site and developments

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The structure, which housed the Ozone Disco, remained standing in Timog Avenue, Quezon City but was not commercially used for over 20 years after the incident.[16] For a few years after the incident, there was a makeshift memorial on the site featuring photographs of the victims.[17] This has since been dismantled, and no marker or official memorial commemorates the incident or its victims.[18]

In March 2015, a week before the 19th anniversary of the tragedy, the Ozone Disco building was finally demolished. Relatives of the victims still visit the site.[19] As of October 2016, the former location of the Ozone Disco Club is currently occupied by a branch of the rice porridge chain GoodAh!!!, co-owned by television host Boy Abunda.[20]

In media

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  • This incident was featured on two ABS-CBN shows:
    • The Philippine reality crime and investigative documentary show Calvento Files, revisited the case in an episode, titled "Mga Biktima ng Ozone",[21] aired in March 29, 1996.
    • The horror docudrama series Nginiig aired an episode on the incident during its Jericho Rosales era in late-2004.
  • The incident was featured thrice on GMA Network shows:
    • Lihim ng Gabi also featured the incident in one of its episodes in 1996.
    • Public affairs investigative journalism program Brigada Siete featured the incident a few days after the incident.
    • The October 2, 2008 episode of the public affairs docudrama program Case Unclosed featured the incident and its aftermath as the pilot episode, directed by Adolfo Alix, Jr.[22] Two days before the premiere of Case Unclosed, on September 29, 2008, then-Quezon City Mayor Feliciano Belmonte, Jr., father to incumbent Quezon City mayor Joy Belmonte, released an ordinance that requires the owners of entertainment establishments to use swing-in/swing-out doors.[22]
  • The fire is the subject of the song "OZONE (Itulak ang Pinto)" from Unique Salonga's album Grandma.[23]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e "Disco in Manila, for 35 People, Held 400". New York Times Online. Associated Press. March 20, 1996. Archived from the original on March 11, 2008. Retrieved January 29, 2008.
  2. ^ Esteban, P/Supt. Romulo; Col. Danilo Fabian (June 3–4, 2004). "The Philippine Disaster Management System". Philippine Center on Transnational Crime. Archived from the original on June 28, 2007. Retrieved January 29, 2008.
  3. ^ Press, Associated. "A look at deadly nightclub fires Archived April 19, 2014, at the Wayback Machine." Washington Times. January 27, 2013
  4. ^ "What went before : Ozone disco is No.6 in deadliest nightclub fires Archived August 24, 2013, at the Wayback Machine." Philippine Daily Inquirer. January 29, 2013
  5. ^ Ducky Paredes (March 22, 1996). "The Fire in the Ozone" (DOC). Ducky Paredes:Columns from Malaya and Abante. Malaya. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved January 29, 2008.
  6. ^ Philippine Court of Appeals (October 25, 2005). "Chua v. Pua, CA-G.R. CV No. 80583" (PDF). Supreme Court of the Philippines. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 29, 2008. Retrieved January 29, 2008.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h Vanzi, Sol Jose (March 12, 2001). "Light Sentences for Ozone Disco Owners". Newsflash. Philippine Headline News Online. Archived from the original on April 19, 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2008.
  8. ^ a b c "At Least 150 Are Killed in Disco Fire in Manila". New York Times Online. Associated Press. March 19, 1996. Archived from the original on March 11, 2008. Retrieved January 29, 2008.
  9. ^ Throwback: 1996 TVP report on Ozone fire. November 20, 2014. Archived from the original on December 21, 2021. Retrieved April 14, 2016 – via YouTube.
  10. ^ "At Least 150 Are Killed in Disco Fire in Manila". The New York Times. Associated Press. March 19, 1996. Retrieved August 5, 2024.
  11. ^ a b c d "What went before". Inquirer.net. Philippine Daily Inquirer. August 23, 2007. Archived from the original on March 12, 2008. Retrieved January 29, 2008.
  12. ^ Jaymee T. Gamil (November 22, 2014). "Nightclub door that trapped fire victims supposedly 'good feng shui'". inquirer.net. Archived from the original on July 22, 2015. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
  13. ^ Uy, Jocelyn (August 22, 2007). "Ex-city engineer cleared in Ozone case". Inquirer.net. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on March 12, 2008. Retrieved January 29, 2008.
  14. ^ Gamil, Jaymee; Mangunay, Kristine Felisse; Ramos, Marlon (November 21, 2014). "After 18 years, 9 found guilty in Ozone inferno". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on March 17, 2018. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
  15. ^ Cayabyab, Marc Jayson (April 24, 2015). "Sandiganbayan denies appeals of Ozone Disco fire convicts". INQUIRER.net. Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. Retrieved July 2, 2022.
  16. ^ Johanna Sampan (March 18, 2008). "Ozone Disco tragedy remembered". Manila Times. Archived from the original on April 2, 2008. Retrieved May 2, 2008.
  17. ^ Sanchez, Korina. "Ozone Disco fire". Philstar.com.
  18. ^ "Ozone Disco: Remembering the Tragedy". November 21, 2014. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved March 5, 2021.
  19. ^ Fernando G. Sepe, Jr. (February 17, 2015). "Last Look: Ozone Disco". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on April 26, 2016. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
  20. ^ Llanera, Melba (October 13, 2016). "Remember the former Ozone Disco? It's now a food chain owned by Boy Abunda". Philippine Entertainment Portal. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  21. ^ "Calvento Files: Biktima ng Ozone feat. Diether Ocampo/ Marvin Agustin (Full Episode 18) | Jeepney TV". Youtube.com. Jeepney TV. Archived from the original on October 28, 2022. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
  22. ^ a b ALAALA NG OZONE | Case Unclosed. youtube.com.{{cite AV media}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  23. ^ Hofileña, Emil (August 16, 2018). "'Grandma' sees Unique Salonga carving his own musical path". Rappler. Archived from the original on December 12, 2018. Retrieved March 17, 2019.
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