Oworo people
The Ọwọrọ ethnic nationality represents a group of people around the Niger-Benue confluence speaking a Yoruba dialect called Oworo. They are generally classified as part of Northeast Yoruba (NEY) of the Yoruba people.[1]
Origin
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The origin of the Oworo people by oral tradition is linked to three brothers who left Ile-Ife to hunt around the present-day Oworo Land. The successful adventure caused them to name the place "owo mi ro", which means "my hands are full of blessings". Another legend called Ako meaning "meeting", says that people came from several locations to converge on the present-day Oworo land. This legend accommodates the group (clans) of Oworo that claim not to be of Yoruba descent[2][3] Ade Obayemi, however, opined that Okun people, the Northeast Yoruba people including Abinu (Bunu), Owe, Ijumu, Ikiri, Iyagba and Oworo located in Kogi State did not migrate from Ile-Ife but are aboriginals in the Niger-Benue Confluence.[4]
Europeans, like Temple O., who made early contact and wrote about the Oworo people referred to them in their writings as 'Aworo'.
Traditional Institutions
[edit]The Oworos live in several small towns ruled by various kings, including:
- The Olu of Oworo
- The Olu Apata of Apata[5]
Language
[edit]Oworo people speak a dialect of Yoruba, linguistically similar to other Okun dialects.[3] Virtually all Oworos can fluently communicate in Yoruba. They can as well converse to a great extent with speakers of other Okun dialects since the languages are mutually intelligible.[6] In addition to speaking Oworo, those in the eastern axis can also speak Igbira Igu (Egbura).
Geography
[edit]Oworo land is located on western bank of River Niger by the Niger-Benue Confluence and bounded to the north by Igbira Igu (Egbura), northwest by Kakanda, west by the Abinu and to the south by Ebira land. It is a mountainous terrain. A number of Oworo communities are on the Agbaja Plateau. Some Oworo towns and Villages includes Agbaja, Jamata, Obajana, Tajimi, Emu, Jakura, Omuwa, Otada, Agbodo, Adamogu, Otuga, Gbonla-Odo, Aleke, Igaa, Ojigi, Owara Igaachi, Igbonla, Ogbabon, Gbande, Adogbe, Ijiho, Karara, Banda, Okonoke, Akpata, Oyo, Irimi, Gbaude, Iwaa, Osokosoko, Okomoba, Ogbongboro, and Felele (The northern suburb of Lokoja town).[7]
Culture and Political Structure
[edit]Oworo culture bears grave resemblance with those of Bunu, Ikiri, Yagba, Ijumu and Owe people who are together with the Oworo people referred to as Okun, the word used in greeting.[1] Like the Bunu people, Oworo people were known for their bassa-like cat whisker marks.[8] The women were known for weaving of a cloth called Arigidi, a cotton textile, and also weaved abata (aso ipo), a red textile used by Oworo, Owe and Bunu for the burial rights of important people.[9] The men are traditionally hunters and farmer. Fishing is also practiced in the riverine communities of the eastern axis of Oworo land. The people practice Christianity, Islam and African traditional religion. Prominent among Oworo festivals is the Oluwo festival. It is a triennial festival of the worship of Olu-iho (the king of all holes) which is the Agbaja end of a 2km long natural tunnel.[citation needed] The advent of Christianity and Islam has reduced the importance and worship of several gods (ebora) and as well lessened the importance and observation of several egun or egungun festivals which have their roots in the worship of ancestral spirits.[2]
Historically, Oworo was organised into cities states, with each state having her own leader. However, with the advent of Nupe hegemony, the central kingship system began in the 19th century, the first Olu being Olu Okpoto.[4][10][11] The current Olu of Oworo is Alhaji Mohammed Baiyerohi.[12]
Mineral resources
[edit]Oworo land is rich in mineral deposits. The major minerals include iron ore on the Agbaja Plateau,[13] marble in Jakura and limestone in Oyo-Iwa Community.[14] Dangote Group is currently exploring the limestone in Oyo-Iwa axis of Oworo land in the production of cement in its Dangote Cement factory located at Obajana.
References
[edit]- ^ a b Ijagbemi, Bayo (1996). O-okun Yoruba in Yoruba art historiography: History, problems and prospects (Thesis). hdl:10150/278548.[page needed]
- ^ a b Orungbami T. S. "Oworo People of the Niger-Benue Confluence Area", JHL Nig. Ltd, Lokoja, Nigeria.
- ^ a b Afolayan, Funso. "Yoruba state(other than Ife and Oyo)", 24 July 2015. Retrieved 13 October 2015.
- ^ a b O'Hear, Ann (2006). "The History of the Okun Yorùbá: Research Directions". In Falola, Toyin; Genova, Ann (eds.). Yorùbá Identity and Power Politics. Vol. 22. Boydell & Brewer. pp. 111–126. ISBN 978-1-58046-219-8. JSTOR 10.7722/j.ctt81p3p.9.
- ^ Omonhinmin, Gabriel (13 May 2018). "Unless God ordains you, you cannot become king —Olu Akpata of Akpata". The Guardian. Nigeria.
- ^ Arokoyo Bolanle, "A survey of Okun phonology"
- ^ Maurice Arxhibong,"Oworo land: Where the tongue includes Igbo, Yoruba words and chief bears Nupe title". Retrieved 14 October 2015.
- ^ Ojo, Olatunji (2008). "Beyond Diversity: Women, Scarification, and Yoruba Identity". History in Africa. 35 (1): 347–374. doi:10.1353/hia.0.0015. S2CID 162328247. Project MUSE 256336.
- ^ Renne, Elisha P. (1992). "Aso Ipo, Red Cloth from Bunu". African Arts. 25 (3): 64–102. doi:10.2307/3337002. JSTOR 3337002.
- ^ Obayemi, Ade. (1978). "The Sokoto Jihad and the 'O-Kun' Yoruba: A Review". Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria. 9 (2): 61–87. JSTOR 41857062.
- ^ Apata, Z. O. (1995). "Administrative Integration and Conflict in Nigeria, 1840-1940: The Case of North-East Yorubaland". Transafrican Journal of History. 24: 106–122. JSTOR 24328657.
- ^ NAN, "Agbaja iron ore mining to last 100 yrs - Minister", Daily Trust, Nigeria, June 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
- ^ Abimbola, A. F. (August 1997). "Petrographic and paragenetic studies of the Agbaja Ironstone Formation, Nupe Basin, Nigeria". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 25 (2): 169–181. Bibcode:1997JAfES..25..169A. doi:10.1016/S0899-5362(97)00096-1.
- ^ Anonymous. "Executive Summary, EIA of DIL Quarry Project". Retrieved 14 October 2015.
- Oyelaran, O. O .(1978), "Lingusitic Speculations on Yoruba History", in his
DEPARTMENT OF AFRICAN LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES, UNIVERSITY OF IFE SEMINAR SERIES 1:624-651. Ife-Department of African Languages and Literatures, University of Ife, Nigeria.
- Struck, Bernhard (1911). "Linguistic Bibliography of Northern Nigeria: Including Hausa and Fula, with Notes on the Yoruba Dialects". Journal of the Royal African Society. 11 (41): 47–61. JSTOR 714684.
- Bakinde, C. O. (2013) "Oral Narrations on the Origin and Settlement Patterns of Okun People of Central Nigeria". Journal of tourism and Heritage Studies. Vol. 2, No.2
- Temple, O., Temple C. L. (1919), "Notes on the Tribes, Provinces, Emirates, and States of the Northern Provinces of Nigeria". Printed by The Argus Printing Publishing Company, Limited. Cape Town