Oreobolus pumilio
| Oreobolus pumilio | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Cyperaceae |
| Genus: | Oreobolus |
| Species: | O. pumilio
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| Binomial name | |
| Oreobolus pumilio | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Oreobolus pumilio, commonly known as alpine tuftrush or Ibrang`rank,[2] is a small mat forming herb which is distributed throughout the Australasian region. It is a relative of the sedge. It is often found in cushion plant communities, in alpine environments, where it is a dominant species.[3] As a cushion plant, it is an ecological engineer and enables other species to grow in the alpine herblands to which it is native to.[4]
Taxonomy
[edit]Oreobolus pumilio is a member of the Cyperaceae (sedge) family which is one of the main families of monocots. There are two subspecies of Oreobolus pumilio, the subspecies Oreobolus pumilio var. pumilio (alpine Tuft rush) which is endemic to southeast Australia, while the subspecies Oreobolus pumilio var. clemensiae is endemic to New Guinea.[2]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]Oreobolus pumilio is native to New Guinea and the southeast of the Australian continent.[5] In these regions it is distributed in alpine habitats which lie between 900–2400 metres in altitude.[2] This species is characteristic of several alpine habitat types such as montane button grass[6] and is an indicator species of alpine short herbfields.[7]
Morphology
[edit]Oreobolus pumilio is mat forming herb growing to 8 cm high with blade like leaves. Leaf colouration varies between a verdant green and a reddy-brown.[9]
As Oreobolus pumilio grows in high alpine environments its short growth, like that of all cushion plants, is advantageous. This is because the environments, that they grow in, tend to have strong winds which may damage any leaves growing above the thin layer of still air that covers the ground.[10]
Ecology
[edit]Oreobolus pumilio is one of the species in a cushion plant community. These communities are considered ecological engineers as they can have an effect on the environment such as the ability to produce a peat like soil. Also, these communities are known to enable some other species to live in environments which they would not usually be able to inhabit as they can increase water and nutrient availability.[4]
Conservation status
[edit]One subspecies, Oreobolus pumilio var pumilio, of Oreobolus pumilio is considered rare in Victoria[11]
References
[edit]- ^ "Oreobolus pumilio". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
- ^ a b c Seberg, Ole (1988). "Taxonomy, phylogeny, and biogeography of the genus Oreobolus R.Br. (Cyperaceae), with comments on the biogeography of the South Pacific continents". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 96 (2): 119–195. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1988.tb00632.x.
- ^ Wahren, C.-H.; Williams, R. J.; Papst, W. A. (1999). "Alpine and Subalpine Wetland Vegetation on the Bogong High Plains, South-eastern Australia". Australian Journal of Botany. 47 (2): 165. doi:10.1071/bt97106. ISSN 0067-1924.
- ^ a b Kikvidze, Zaal; Brooker, Robin W.; Butterfield, Bradley J.; Callaway, Ragan M.; Cavieres, Lohengrin A.; Cook, Bradley J.; Lortie, Christopher J.; Michalet, Richard; Pugnaire, Francisco I.; Xiao, Sa; Anthelme, Fabien (2015). "The effects of foundation species on community assembly: a global study on alpine cushion plant communities". Ecology. 96 (8): 2064–2069. doi:10.1890/14-2443.1. ISSN 0012-9658. PMID 26405732. S2CID 6896308.
- ^ "Oreobolus pumilio". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
- ^ Whinam, Jennie; Chilcott, Nicole M (2002). "Impacts after four years of experimental trampling on alpine/sub-alpine environments in western Tasmania". Journal of Environmental Management. 67 (4): 339–351. doi:10.1016/S0301-4797(02)00218-9. PMID 12710922.
- ^ Frood, D; Papas, P (2016). A guide to water regime, salinity ranges and bioregional conservation status of Victorian wetland Ecological Vegetation Classes (PDF). online: The State of Victoria Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning. ISBN 978-1-76047-196-5.
- ^ "Search: species: Oreobolus pumilio | Occurrence records | Atlas of Living Australia". biocache.ala.org.au. Retrieved 2022-03-17.
- ^ Curtis M., Winifred; Morris, Dennis I. (1994). The Student's Flora of Tasmania. Hobart: St Davids Park publishing. p. 109. ISBN 0724623132.
- ^ Lab, Biogeography Teaching and Research. "Alpine (and Arctic) Tundra Plant Adaptations – Biogeography Teaching and Research Lab". Retrieved 2022-03-09.
- ^ The State of Victoria (2014). Advisory list of rare or threatened plants in Victoria - 2014. online: The State of Victoria Department of Environment and Primary Industries. p. 34. ISBN 978-1-74146-313-2.