Olof Tempelman

Olof Tempelman
Olof Tempelman
Born	Olof Samuel Tempelman; February 21, 1745; Källstad, Östergötland, Sweden
Died	July 27, 1816 (aged 71); Stockholm, Sweden
Occupation(s)	Architect, professor at the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts

Olof Samuel Tempelman (February 21, 1745 in Källstad, Östergötland – July 27, 1816 in Stockholm) was a Swedish architect and, from 1779, professor at the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts. He was appointed royal architect in 1799.

Early life

He was the son of Samuel Tempelman (1711-1748), curate of Herrestad, and his wife Susanna Maria Ridderström (1718-1753). According to tradition, the name was derived from the Templars. The family had immigrated from Dorpat in Estonia, and had for generations lived in Östergötland. Susanna was the daughter of a captain and grew up in Östergötland. When Tempelman was three years old, his father died. He was cared for by his father's older brother, Peter Tempelman, who served as priest in the Östra Stenby congregation. His uncle was a man of scientific interest, who collected books and had contact with the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Tempelman had a happy childhood and showed an early interest in design. His received his early education at home and continued studying, along with his cousin, at the high school in Linköping.

At Uppsala University in 1763, he began studying theology and the humanities while working as a tutor for income. But he eventually immersed himself in science, following in the likes of Carl Linnaeus, Anders Celsius, and Samuel Klingenstierna. Tempelman wrote a thesis in astronomy under Daniel Melanderhjelm before starting on a master's thesis in physics, De frictione corporum super plano horizontale motorum.

Career

Carl Fredrik Adelcrantz succeeded Carl Johan Cronstedt as Superintendent of Antiquities in 1767, and two years later, he hired Tempelman. Adelcrantz hired Tempelman for his insight and skill, and took a personal interest in his development. While Tempelman wrote his master's thesis, he began work as an architect at the Superintendent's office. The thesis was elegantly illustrated and dedicated to Adelcrantz. He also continued to tutor and met the city architect Carl Henric König, one of the era's most skilled and high-profile architects as well as technically literate; he created drawings and descriptions for the inventor Christopher Polhem. This was the area that interested Tempelman.

In the spring of 1775, Adelcrantz sent Tempelman on a study trip to Copenhagen. In October 1776, Gustav III assigned Tempelman to be an information aide for fortifications; he trained under Fredrik Dederichs who taught prospective officers and architects since the 1750s, including Erik Palmstedt. Tempelman came to be involved in Gustav III's new opera house at Norrmalmstorg. It was a complex project and Adelcrantz appointed Tempelman to be responsible for project implementation. Tempelman designed Gustav III's Pavilion in with detailed instructions from the king. Many of Tempelman projects related to churches but there were also other public buildings. In addition, he undertook private commissions. Adelcrantz often made the first sketches, but the two men worked closely together.

Adelcrantz urged Tempelman to become a professor. In 1780, he was appointed professor at the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts. Tempelman traveled to Paris and Rome. He visited Naples with Carl August Ehrensvärd and they also made a trip to Pompeii and Vesuvius, returning home via Venice, Milan, Genoa, Antibes, Marseille, and Paris. The 1780s were a successful period of increasingly independent tasks, and, with international experience, he developed a more independent design. The 1790s were a politically unsettled time in Sweden. In July 1798, Tempelman complained that sight in one of his eyes was deteriorating. The office of the Superintendent of Antiquities, however, was still busy designing churches, schools, and hospitals, especially outside Stockholm, and this is where Tempelman gave significant effort. After suffering two serious illnesses within a year, his physical and emotional health deteriorated. He did not give up work entirely, continuing for several years at the office of the Superintendent of Antiquities, and also teaching at the academy.

Personal life

Through his connections with Adelcrantz, Tempelman met Britta Elisabet Gyllenstam, daughter of Colonel Jonas Zacharias Gyllenstam and Catharina Elisabeth von Numers. They married in 1782. In the following year, they had a daughter, Mary Catherine, who died as an infant; his wife died a year later. Tempelman secondly married Dorothea Catherina Pagenkopff, the daughter of the German shoemaker Michael C. Pagenkopff, in 1804. They had five children, two boys who died early, and three girls. Tempelman died on 27 July 1816, and was buried in Stockholm, leaving behind his wife and three daughters.

Partial list of works

Old Town, Stockholm, castle environment, 1774
Royal Palace, rearranging the rooms & floors, 1774
Tranemo church, Västergötland, 1774, not done, 1600 Century church in the 1880s, replaced by new hexagonal church building was designed by architect Emil Victor Langlet
Ulriksdal, Uppland, north wing of the building's attic, 1774
Västerås gymnasium, Västmanland, restructuring proposals for Senate, 1774
Hycklinge Church, Ostrogothia, 1775, Per Wilhelm Palm Roth prepares new draft 1792
Göta Court of Appeal, Jonkoping, 1775
Valbo church, Gästrikland, tower and vestry, 1775, the tower was built in 1775
Nora Church, Västmanland, 1776, not performed, a new church built in the 1880s
Selångers church, Medelpad, 1776, erected in 1780-1781
Sollerö church, Dalarna, 1776
Sofia Magdalena Church, Askersund, school and almshouses, 1777
Björsäters church, Västergötland, 1777
Helsingborg, Corps-de-garde, 1777, building guards and jail completed in 1778, demolished 1882
Core Church, West Yorkshire, organ facade in 1777, destroyed by fire in 1893
Nässjö old church, Småland, 1777, erected in 1789-1791
Hornstull, city sports and customs houses, Stockholm, 1777, the archway demolished in 1905, customs houses demolished in 1933
Skeppsholmen, magazines, Stockholm, 1777 & 1779, rebuilt, now part of the Academy of Fine Arts
Tuna church, Medelpad, tower and nave, 1777, long house with a gable roof was built from 1776 to 1778, the tower was built until 1937
Uppsala Cathedral, Sture chancel, wrought iron grilles, 1777
Western Torups Church, Zealand, organ facade, 1777
Årstads courthouse, Halland, 1777, torn, probably 1973
Ödeshögs Church, West Yorkshire, 1777, rebuilt in the 1880s
Örkened Church, Zealand, 1777, erected in 1786-1788
Alvesta church, Småland, organ façade, 1778, built as proposed by Pehr Schiörlin
Stora Kopparberg church, Falun, tower and altar set-up, 1778, the tower built in 1780, transformative 1900, altar setup exchanged 1900
Kil's Church, wa, towers, 1778, was built in 1779-1780
Kläckeberga church, Smaland, altarpiece installation, 1778, not done
Linkoping, Stångebro, stone bridge, 1778, erected in 1779-1780, demolished for the construction of the Kinda Canal, new bridge for drawing 1870
Replots church, Ostrobothnia, Finland, 1778, erected in 1781, however, without a tower
Sollerö church, Dalarna, pulpit, 1778
Säters church, Dalarna, 1778, begun in 1780
Silvii school, Tun, Västergötland, 1778, built from 1780 to 1781, restored 1965
Värnamo church, Småland, organ façade, 1778, the organ was built in 1778, the church torn in the 1870s
Värö church, Halland, organ façade, 1778, the organ was demolished along with the church in 1855
Västerås dean farm, 1778, completed in 1780, a historic building in 1981
Fridlevstads church, Blekinge, towers, 1779, not performed
Hultsjö church, Småland, 1779, not done, plans for a new church of hoof-and city architect Per Axel Nyström 1859
Korsholm, Toby Bridge, Ostrobothnia, Finland, 1779, built in 1781, antiquarian protected 1982
Kättilstads Church, West Yorkshire, organ facade, 1779, revision of the proposal by Pehr Schiörlin, performed after the proposal
Gustaf Church, Lulea, SWE, 1779, conducted from 1787 to 1790, destroyed by fire in 1887
Rystads Church, West Yorkshire, in 1779, built in 1780-1783
Långholmen, Spinnhusbron, Stockholm, 1779, demolished
Tavastkyro church, Häme, Finland, 1779, erected in 1780-1782, first tower 1880
Bettna church, Södermanland, & chapel, 1780, unexecuted
Heinola residence, Häme, Finland, 1780, not built
Helgeandsholmen, Count Per's house and Lower Royal. Stallgården, Stockholm, 1780, executed around 1780, demolished 1893
Drottningholm, Ståthållarbostad & stables, Upland, 1781, completed in 1787 as a residence
North 's control, Stockholm, incl. plans to create a place for artists, sculptor and professor Johan Tobias Sergel konungastod, 1781
Börringe Church, Zealand, 1782, erected in 1783-1787, carnitine curved hood replaced by a pyramid-shaped in the 1870s
Drottningholm, the dukes' stables, Upland, 1782, converted into senior citizen housing in 1985, a historic building in 1987
Rystads Church, West Yorkshire, organ facade, 1782
Slack's Church, West Yorkshire, altar setup & organ facade, 1782
Vårdö church, Aland, Finland, 1782, the church later expanded during the 1780s, the tower was built in 1805
Turku Hospital, Finland Proper, 1782, built 1783-1784, demolished 1880
Arbrå church, Hälsingland, pulpit, 1783
Enåsa church and chapel, Västergötland, 1783
Hedensö manor, Södermanland, wing, 1783
Hökhuvuds Church, Upland, organ facade, 1783, organ building of Olof Schwan 1783, new organ works behind the old organ, 1936
St John's Church, Stockholm, 1783, not done
Skeppsholmen, Kungl. woodyard, Stockholm, 1783
Coins Hall, Stockholm, 1783
Ulriksdal, Upland, Confidence, 1783
Vissefjärda church, Småland, organ façade, 1783, organ building of Pehr Schiörlin 1784, replaced in 1883 by organ from Kalmar Cathedral
Consulates & post office, Helsingor, Denmark, 1784, was built in 1791
County residence of Härnösand, 1784
St. Peter's Church, Malmo, stands & organ facade, 1784
Siuntio Church, Nyland, organ façade, Finland, 1784, facade was built as drawn, organ replacement work
Söraby church, Småland, bleachers & organ façade, 1784, organ building of Pehr Schiörlin 1785, only the facade preserved
Al's church, Dalarna, pulpit, 1784, conducted from 1785 to 1787
Eastern Eds church, Smaland, altarpiece installation, 1784, carried out, but only altarpiece rescued by fire in 1958
Drottningholm, residential, Upland, 1785, not performed
Drottningholm castle stables, Upland, 1785, not performed
Drottningholm, ståthållarkansliet, Upland, 1785, was introduced in 1787
Gothenburg's Hospital, 1785, demolished 1963
Härnösand Gymnasium, Tennessee, 1785, monument 1982
Härnösand Hospital, Tennessee, 1785, ready 1788, a historic building in 1967
Jonsbergs Manor, West Yorkshire, Manor House, 1785, erected in 1791, a historic building in 1980
Vänersborgs church, Västergötland, 1785, only the facade preserved
Österåkers church, Södermanland, 1785
Dädesjö church, Småland, 1786, completed 1794
Haga, Upland, farm buildings, 1786, executed about 1786
Haga Castle, Uppland, 1786
Vähäkyrö church, Ostrobothnia, Finland, 1786, built in 1803
Church of Hämeenlinna, Häme, Finland, 1786, completed 1798
Uppsala University, auditoriums, 1786
Ölme church, Värmland, built in 1787-1788
Drottningholm Castle, Upland, bridges in the English Park, 1787
Haga, Upland, Corps-de-garde, building guard 1787
Haga, Upland, Gustav III 's Pavilion, 1787
Collegium medicum, Stockholm, 1787, probably carried
We Southern church, Småland, organ façade, 1787, the organ built by Per Schiörlin 1788
Uppsala University, Botanicum, 1787
S Church, Småland, 1788, was built 1830-1831 after a proposal by Per Axel Nyström 1828
Bodsjö church, Jamtland, 1788
Rinna's Church, West Yorkshire, in 1788, built in 1799-1802
Sollerö church, Dalarna, altar set-up, 1788
Western Karaby Church, Zealand, towers, 1788, not done, the tower was built in 1794 after another proposal, a new longhouse from drawings by architect Axel Almfelt 1822-1826
Växjö Bishop farm (Östrabo), Småland, 1788
Hohenwarth, farmhouse, Pomerania, Germany, 1789, demolished 1856
Crow Hults church, Småland, 1789, erected in 1801-1802
Forsmark church and chapel, Upland, 1790, erected in 1796-1802
Gothenburg hospital, a granary and brewery, 1790
Hällekis manor, Västergötland, farmhouse & barn, 1790, extension was built around 1790
Härkeberga Church, Upland, pulpit, 1790
Kvidinge Church, Zealand, towers, 1790
Linköping City Hall, West Yorkshire, 1790, not performed
Gustaf Church, Lulea, altar setup, 1790, carried out but the church destroyed by fire
The church, Southwest Finland, 1790, organ building of Olof Schwan 1791
Norsborgs manor, pavilion, 1790,
Sundby church, Södermanland, 1790
Vasteras Cathedral, Västmanland, epitaph, 1790
Christinae church, Alingsås, stands & organ facade, 1791
Härnösand Gymnasium, Tennessee, lectern, 1791
Falsterbo Light, Skåne, in 1792, built in 1793-1796, upper demolished 1842-1843, monument 1935
Färingtofta Church, Zealand, 1792
Trinity Church, Karlskrona, 1792, north portico finished first in 1862 after the Temple's proposal
Lindberg's Church, Halland, 1792, not done
Linköping Cathedral, tomb, 1792
Notte Appliances church, Småland, 1792, new church was built first in the 1830s after the drawing of the master mason John Abraham Wilelius
Ulrika Eleonora Church in Stockholm, front steps, 1792
Royal Palace in Stockholm, King Gustav IV Adolf floor, 1792
Tuna church, Småland, organ facade, 1792, at the rebuilding in the 1890s were preserved only Pehr Schiörlins organ works from 1795
Varberg's Church, Halland, 1792, the organ facade preserved but rebuilt and with sparser ornamentation
Fors Room Church, Smaland, altarpiece installation, 1793
Kuopio county, Savo, Finland, 1793, unexecuted
Ljung's Church, West Yorkshire, in 1793, built in 1796-1798
Church of Sund, Östergötland, altar setup & pulpit, 1793
Heinola hospital, Häme, Finland, 1794, was built in 1797-1799, now demolished
Jönköping Hospital, 1794, the hospital ended 1825
Karlskrona hospital, 1794
Nyköping Hospital, Saint Anne's Hospital in 1794, completed 1799
Nässjö old church, Småland, organ façade, 1794, processing of Pehr Schiörlins facade drawing from 1794
Vårdnäs Church, West Yorkshire, in 1794, long houses built from 1795 to 1797
Växjö Hospital, Småland, 1794, not performed
Växjö residence, Småland, wind decor & Fence, 1794
Grime's church, Halland, 1795, carried out, the tower, however, first during the 1900s
Holm's church, Medelpad, 1795, demolished in 1903, new construction in the Gothic Revival
King church of Sund, Östergötland, 1795
Rosersberg, Upland, 1795
Lind Hov Royal Farm, Halland, farmhouse & wings, 1796, grand pianos built in 1896, first farmhouse 1838
Lunda church, Södermanland, pulpit, 1796
Stockholm Observatory, 1796
Vreta Abbey Church, Östergötland, gravestone, 1796
But are Church, Upland, 1797, built 1797-1806
Stora Tuna Church, Dalarna, organ façade, 1797, organ building in 1800, fire damage, 1807, new organ, 1969
Oulu Hospital, Ostrobothnia, Finland, 1797, not performed
Västerås Hospital, Västmanland, 1797, the buildings demolished in the 1880s
Dädesjö church, Småland, bleachers, 1798
Gryts church, Södermanland, stands & organ façade, 1798, unexecuted
Linköping gymnasium, 1799, new trivial school built in 1828-1830
Kälviä church, Ostrobothnia, Finland, bell tower and parish magazine, 1799, was built in 1803-1804
Vaxholm Church, Upland, 1799, the church consecrated in 1803, the tower is not built
Eastern Husby Church, West Yorkshire, 1799
Karstula chapel church, Ostrobothnia, Finland, 1800
Stockholm Smedjegård custody, 1800
Strängnäs Cathedral, Södermanland, organ facade, 1800
Tubbetorps property, Västergötland, farmhouse, 1800, probably done around 1800, new residential building built in 1803-1804
Sleeping Valla's Church, West Yorkshire, 1800, not performed, built and designed by Samuel Enander 1816
Matteröds Church, Zealand, 1802, new tower 1897-1898
Brännkyrka Church, Stockholm, 1802
Vreta Abbey Church, Östergötland, tomb, 1802, not done
Fittja bridge, SWE, 1803, built 1813, torn at the beginning of the 1900s
Kalmar gymnasium, Småland, 1803
Leppävirta Church, Savo, Finland, in 1803, erected, but burned in 1834, the new church after the drawing of the architect Carl Ludvig Engel 1846
Rolf's church, Halland, 1803, revised in 1816 by conductor and Lieutenant Pehr Wilhelm Palmroth, towers erected in the 1920s
Skedevi Church, Missouri, 1803, transept my windows bricked up during the 1900s
Bötoms church, Ostrobothnia, 1804, erected in 1808-1811
Jämshög church, Blekinge, 1804, erected in 1804-1833
Vaxholm Church, Upland, organ facade, 1804
Pori School, Vaasa, Finland, 1804, the outbreak of war interrupted the building, burned again in the great fire of 1852
Hammar Lunda Church, Zealand, stands & organ façade, 1805, executed in a somewhat simplified condition of the organ is only the facade preserved
Herrevadskloster, Scania, demesne, 1805, not performed
Frederick Church, Karlskrona, Blekinge, tornhuvar, 1805, not performed
Norrtälje church, Upland, Altar, 1805
Säters church, Dalarna, towers, 1805, the tower damaged by fire in 1803, after a new drawing of Tempelman repaired 1806
Vaksala Church, Upland, stands & organ façade, 1805, Organ building after drawing of Olof Schwan, facade and some original parts preserved
Bjorn Borg's town hall, Vaasa, Finland, 1806, started in 1807, after the war broke new drawings in 1839, destroyed in the fire of 1852
District Hammar's Church, West Yorkshire, altar set-up, 1806
Karbennings Church, Västmanland, 1806, not done, a new church in 1845
Kristdala church, Småland, bleachers & organ facade, 1806
Marstrand's Church, Bohuslän, bleachers & organ façade, 1806, not performed
Säters church, Dalarna, altar pulpit, 1806
S Church, Jamtland, organ facade, 1807
Erajärvi chapel church, Häme?, Finland, 1807, built in 1821
Fagerhults church, Småland, gallery, 1807, probably made, the church torn in the 1890s
Gothenburg Cathedral, tomb, 1807
Harlösa Church, Zealand, stands & organ façade, 1807, carried out, replaced with new organ
Härnösand Gymnasium, Tennessee, entrance gate, 1807, fences & gates, erected in 1810
Sala Church, Västmanland, towers, 1807, none of the proposals made
Stockholm, Nytorget, Skånegatan 83, residential, 1807, demolished 1930
Västra Husby Church, West Yorkshire, 1807, erected after a simplified drawing of Axel Almfelt 1816, burned 1977, rebuilt
Oved's Church, Zealand, stands & organ facade, 1807
Crow Hults church, Småland, organ façade, 1808, processing of Pehr Schiörlins proposal in 1807, organ construction with simplified facade of Schiörlin 1810-1811
Norrsunda Church, Upland, organ facade, 1808, executed, new organ built in 1963
Eastern Husby Church, West Yorkshire, pulpit, 1808
Botkyrka church, Södermanland, bleachers & organ facade, 1810
Säters church, Dalarna, bleachers & organ facade, 1811
Vadstena school, West Yorkshire, 1811, medieval schoolhouse torn down in 1810, a new schoolhouse for other drawings, built first in 1831
Caroli cemetery, Borås, Västergötland, 1812
Hörups Church, Zealand, organ facade, undated, probably not done
Sjöö Castle, Uppland, the measurement of Tessin the Elder terrace & stairs, undated

References

Villner, L. B. (1997). Tempelman: Arkitekten Olof Tempelman 1745-1816. Stockh: Stockholmia förlag. ISBN 91-7031-069-6, ISSN 0282-5899
"The architecture in the late Gustavian stage", in George Nordensvan's, Swedish Art and Swedish artists in the nineteenth century (1925), I. From Gustav III to Charles XV

External links

"Tempelman, Olof Samuel", in Profil (2nd edition, 1919)
"Chancellery, Stockholm", in Profil (second print, Supplement, 1924)

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