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Of Love and Other Demons

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"Del amor y otros demonios" redirects here. For the album by Kali Uchis, see Sin Miedo (del Amor y Otros Demonios).
For the film, see Of Love and Other Demons (film). For the opera, see Love and Other Demons.
Of Love and Other Demons
First edition (Colombia)
AuthorGabriel García Márquez
Original titleDel amor y otros demonios
TranslatorEdith Grossman
LanguageSpanish
PublisherGrupo Editorial Norma (Colombia)
Alfred A. Knopf (US)
Publication date
1994
Publication placeColombia

Of Love and Other Demons (Spanish: Del amor y otros demonios) is a novel by Colombian writer Gabriel García Márquez published in 1994. Set in 18th-century Colombia, the plot follows a 12-year-old girl, bitten by a rabid dog; she is believed to be possessed by demons, and is sent to a convent to be exorcised; the priest who is meant to exorcise her falls in love with her. The book received positive reviews.

Plot

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In the prologue, García Márquez claims the novel is the fictional representation of a legend the author was told by his grandmother when he was a boy: of a 12-year-old marquise with long flowing hair who had died of rabies, and was believed to be a 'miracle-worker'. In this frame-story, it was only after an excavation of tombs that García Márquez is witness to the grave of a similar young girl with 22-meter-hair still attached to the skull, that he was inspired to write Of Love and Other Demons.

The narrative takes place in the 18th century, in the Colombian port city Cartagena de Indias. Sierva María de Todos Los Angeles is the twelve-year-old daughter of the Marquis Ygnacio and his wife Bernarda. Her hair has never been cut, and was promised to the saints when she was born with the umbilical cord around her neck. She was raised by the slaves, fluent in multiple African languages, and calls herself by the African name "María Mandinga".

While walking in the city on her birthday, she is bit by a rabid dog. Within a few months, an indigenous woman, Sagunta, warns the Marquis of an oncoming plague of rabies, and of the possibility that Sierva María may die from it. The doctor Abrenuncio tells Ygnacio that Sierva María is not in danger of being infected with rabies; nevertheless, Ygnacio subjects her to multiple torturous healing methods in an effort to save her. Ygnacio consults with the bishop, who convinces him that Sierva María is possessed by demons and must be exorcised. She is sent to the convent of Santa Clara, despite still showing no symptoms of rabies, to receive an exorcism, which many people have died from.

Sierva María is treated cruelly in the convent; her only friend is another prisoner, the nun Martina Laborde. The priest who is assigned with her exorcism, Father Cayetano Delaura, is kind to her and initially believes she does not need to be exorcised. Delaura falls in love with Sierva Maria, although she is still cold to him. The marquis asks Delaura to return his daughter to him; first, Delaura consults with Abrenuncio, then, he visits Sierva María, and is ultimately convinced that Sierva María is in fact possessed by a demon. The bishop, for Delaura's disobedience, strips him of his position and sends him to serve in a leper hospital. He continues to visit Sierva María in secret, using a tunnel to access her room; he confesses his love to her. They eat, sleep, and recite poetry together; their relationship grows physical, but is not consummated. Sierva María is at last summoned to be exorcised; her hair is cut off. After the exorcism, another bishop promises to remove her from the convent, but dies before he can do so. Delaura and Sierva María continue to see each other until the tunnel is closed off after Martina successfully manages to escape the convent. Sierva María, tormented by exorcisms, loneliness, and hunger, eventually dies, never finding out where Delaura is. All the same, her hair continues to grow from her dead body.

Characters

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  • Sierva María de Todos los Ángeles, the protagonist of the novel, a 12-year-old girl. Born to a wealthy criollo family, she is ignored by her parents and raised by African slaves.
  • Cayetano Alcino del Espíritu Santo Delaura y Escudero, A priest and librarian, 36 years old, who is assigned to exorcise Sierva María, but instead falls in love with her
  • Ygnacio de Alfaro y Dueñas, Marquis of Casalduero, the father of Sierva María, about 64 years old. He is a good man with a weak, timid, and apathetic character; he is implied to have a mild intellectual disability.
  • Bernarda Cabrera, the mother of Sierva María, a mestiza woman and the daughter of a slave overseer, about 35 years old. She married Ygnacio after their sexual relationship left her pregnant. She is a cacao addict, and hates both her husband and her daughter.
  • Dominga de Adviento, a Yoruban slave and head of the household, who raised Sierva María
  • Abrenuncio de Sa Pereira Cao, a well-known Portuguese Jewish doctor with unorthodox methods. His last name, Cao, comes from the Portuguese word for dog, cão.
  • Don Toribio de Cáceres y Virtudes, the bishop
  • Josefa María, the abbess of the convent, who hates Sierva María
  • Martina Laborde, a nun imprisoned in the convent for the murder of two other nuns

Analysis

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The novel repeats a common theme found in the works of Márquez of forbidden love, and of the transgression of societal rules that forbid the love.[1] Of Love has been described as part of an "amorous triptych", with the other two novels being Chronicle of a Death Foretold and Love in the Time of Cholera.[2][3] The novel's plot is influenced by Portuguese playwright Gil Vicente's Comédia de Rubena; the epigraph of Chronicle of a Death Foretold is also from Comédia de Rubena. Additionally, the poetry of Garcilaso de la Vega is referenced by Delaura throughout the story.[4] Aníbal González argues that Of Love is a response to Plato's Symposium, where Sierva María's life is a retelling of Socrates' version of love.[5]

Critics view the novel as a criticism of colonialism and of institutions such as the Catholic church.[1] Gregory Utley argues that the church treats Sierva María as insane because of her links to African culture, and wishes to "cure" her of her African upbringing.[6] Arnold M. Penuel argues that in Del Amor, the church causes the death of Sierva María, therefore, it is criticized by Márquez as no better than the bite of a rabid dog.[7]

The bishop, Don Toribio, is used to represent the Catholic Church. His obese body represents the influence of the church; he lives in an ancient and decayed palace and suffers from asthma attacks, representing the decay of the church. Penuel argues that Toribio's extra weight represents a Church that has more power than it should; additionally, he argues that Toribio, like the Church, oppresses and destroys, rather than serves, and is spiritually corrupt.[7] Ultimately, the Church, in its effort to exorcise Sierva María of demons, creates the "Other Demons" mentioned in the title.[8]

Reception and influence

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Of Love and Other Demons received mostly positive reviews. The New York Times gave a positive review, writing that the novel was an "almost didactic, yet brilliantly moving, tour de force."[9] The novel likewise received a positive review from Kirkus Reviews, which praised the characters, plot, and writing style.[10] John Leonard praised the novella highly, but felt that the ending was rushed.[11]

The novel has inspired a film, Of Love and Other Demons. In 2008, the opera Love and Other Demons, by Hungarian composer Péter Eötvös was premiered at the Glyndebourne Festival. Singer Kali Uchis's second album, Sin Miedo (del Amor y Otros Demonios), is named after the novel.[12]

References

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  1. ^ a b Deaver 2000, p. 80.
  2. ^ González 2010, p. 81.
  3. ^ Utley, Gregory (2016). "Love and Transgression in Gabriel García Márquez's Crónica de una muerte anunciada". Hispanic Journal. 37 (2): 143–154. ISSN 0271-0986. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
  4. ^ González 2010, p. 88.
  5. ^ González 2010, p. 92.
  6. ^ Utley 2011, p. 84.
  7. ^ a b Penuel 1997, p. 40.
  8. ^ Penuel 1997, pp. 40–41.
  9. ^ Byatt, A. S. (28 May 1995). "By Love Possessed". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
  10. ^ "OF LOVE AND OTHER DEMONS. REVIEW". Kirkus Reviews. 1 April 1995. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  11. ^ Leonard 1995.
  12. ^ Disturbios 2020.

Works cited

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