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Nymphaea pygmaea

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Nymphaea pygmaea
Illustration of Nymphaea pygmaea
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Order: Nymphaeales
Family: Nymphaeaceae
Genus: Nymphaea
Subgenus: Nymphaea subg. Nymphaea
Section: Nymphaea sect. Chamaenymphaea
Species:
N. pygmaea
Binomial name
Nymphaea pygmaea
(Salisb.) W.T.Aiton[1]
Synonyms[2]
List
  • *Castalia pygmaea Salisb.
  • *Nymphaea pygmaea var. minima Nakai
  • *Nymphaea minima (Nakai) Nakai
  • *Nymphaea tetragona var. minima (Nakai) W.Lee
  • *Nymphaea japono-koreana Nakai
  • *Nymphaea tetragona var. tetragona

Nymphaea pygmaea is a controversial species[3][2] of perennial, aquatic herb[2] in the family Nymphaeaceae[4] native to Asia.[5]

Description

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Nymphaea pygmaea flower and floating leaves

Vegetative characteristics

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It is a perennial, aquatic herb with erect, cylindrical, unbranched rhizomes without stolons.[2] The obovate to orbicular, thick,[6] 5.5–24 cm long, and 4.5–21 cm wide leaves[2] with diverging basal lobes[7] have an entire margin.[2][8] The upper leaf surface is green to purple.[6] The petiole is slender.[7]

Generative characteristics

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The white,[7] floating, 3–6 cm wide flower has four sepals[2] with an obtuse apex[7] and 5–17 petals[6] with an obtuse apex.[7] The androecium consists of 24–71 stamens. The gynoecium consists of 5-11 carpels.[6] The globose fruit bears ellipsoid to ovoid, 1.9–3.6 mm long, and 1.3–2.6 mm wide seeds.[2]

Cytology

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The chromosome count is 2n = 42[9] or 2n = 84. The ploidy level is 6x.[10]

Taxonomy

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It was first published as Castalia pygmaea Salisb. by Richard Anthony Salisbury in 1807.[11] It was placed in the genus Nymphaea L. as Nymphaea pygmaea (Salisb.) W.T.Aiton by William Townsend Aiton published in 1811.[1] It is widely regarded as a synonym of Nymphaea tetragona Georgi.[12][1][13][14] The circumscription of Nymphaea tetragona in East Asia is however problematic and these problematic plants may be deserving of the status of a separate species Nymphaea pygmaea.[3] There are several studies supporting this separate status.[2][6][5]

Position within Nymphaea

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Within the subgenus Nymphaea subg. Nymphaea, it is placed in the section Nymphaea sect. Chamaenymphaea,[15] of which it is the type species.[16] It is identified as the sister group to Nymphaea tetragona and Nymphaea leibergii based on nuclear ribosomal DNA,[5][2] but the relationships based on the analysis of the chloroplast DNA is unclear.[5]

Etymology

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The specific epithet pygmaea means small or dwarf.[17][18]

Ecology

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Habitat

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It occurs in lakes, ponds, marshes, and rice fields.[2]

References

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Wikispecies has information related to Nymphaea pygmaea.
  1. ^ a b c "Nymphaea pygmaea (Salisb.) W.T.Aiton". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Naito, H., Kato, S., Shutoh, K., & Shiga, T. (2024). Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal the taxonomic distinctiveness between Nymphaea pygmaea and N. tetragona (Nymphaeaceae).
  3. ^ a b Nymphaea tetragona Georgi. (n.d.-b). Flora of China @ efloras.org. Retrieved December 4, 2024, from http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200007090
  4. ^ Nymphaea pygmaea W.T.Aiton. (n.d.). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved December 4, 2024, from https://www.ipni.org/n/605681-1
  5. ^ a b c d Borsch, T., Wiersema, J. H., Hellquist, C. B., Löhne, C., & Govers, K. (2014). Speciation in North American water lilies: evidence for the hybrid origin of the newly discovered Canadian endemic Nymphaea loriana sp. nov.(Nymphaeaceae) in a past contact zone. Botany, 92(12), 867-882.
  6. ^ a b c d e Naito, H., & Shiga, T. (2024). Distribution of Nymphaea pygmaea and N. Tetragona (Nymphaeaceae) in Hokkaido, Sakhalin Island, and the Kuril Islands based on herbarium specimen records. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, 17(1), 81-86.
  7. ^ a b c d e Hooker, J. D., Thomson, T. (1855). Flora Indica: Being a Systematic Account of the Plants of British India, Together with Observations on the Structure and Affinities of Their Natural Orders and Genera. p. 244. Vereinigtes Königreich: Pamplin.
  8. ^ Aiton, William, Aiton, William Townsend, Gowen, J. R., Whitfield, Richard Gullet, King’s College London., Physical Society (Guy’s Hospital), & St. Thomas’s Hospital. (1810). Hortus kewensis, or, A catalogue of the plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew (Vol. 3, p. 293). Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown,. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47853131
  9. ^ Löve, Á. (1978). IOPB Chromosome Number Reports LXI. Taxon, 27(4), 375–392. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1220381
  10. ^ Gupta, P. P. (1980). Cytogenetics of aquatic ornamentals. VI. Evolutionary trends and relationships in the genus Nymphaea. Cytologia, 45(1/2), 307-314.
  11. ^ "Castalia pygmaea Salisb". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
  12. ^ Reid, M. K., Paterson, I. D., Coetzee, J. A., Gettys, L. A., & Hill, M. P. (2023). Know thy enemy: Investigating genetic contributions from putative parents of invasive Nymphaea mexicana hybrids in South Africa as part of efforts to develop biological control. Biological Control, 184, 105291.
  13. ^ Nymphaea tetragona Georgi. (n.d.). Catalogue of Life (COL). Retrieved December 4, 2024, from http://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/486FM
  14. ^ Nymphaea pygmaea (Salisb.) Aiton. (n.d.). GBIF | Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved December 4, 2024, from https://www.gbif.org/species/3697746
  15. ^ USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2024. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=415887. Accessed 4 December 2024.
  16. ^ Ortgies, E. (1851). Die Familie der Nymphaeen. Neue Allgemeine Deutsche Garten- Und Blumenzeitung, 7(11), pp. 481–484.
  17. ^ Pleioblastus pygmaeus. (n.d.). Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved December 4, 2024, from https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=285354&isprofile=0&
  18. ^ A Grammatical Dictionary of Botanical Latin. (n.d.). Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved December 4, 2024, from http://www.mobot.org/mobot/latindict/keyDetail.aspx?keyWord=pygmaeus
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