Nyavirus
| Nyavirus | |
|---|---|
| |
| |
| Virions of San Jacinto virus forming at infected cell's surface and virus genome | |
Virus classification 
| |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum: | Negarnaviricota |
| Class: | Monjiviricetes |
| Order: | Mononegavirales |
| Family: | Nyamiviridae |
| Genus: | Nyavirus |
Nyavirus is a genus of negative-strand RNA viruses in the family Nyamiviridae. Ticks and birds serve as natural hosts. There are four species in this genus.[1][2][3]
History
[edit]Nyamanini nyavirus (NYMV) and Midway nyavirus (MDWV) were first isolated in 1957 and 1966 respectively. NYMV has been isolated from cattle egrets (species Bubulcus ibis) and ticks (species Argas walkerae) in Egypt, India, Nigeria, South Africa, and Thailand. MDWV has been isolated from tick of the genus Ornithodoros collected in Midway, Kure and Manana islands and northern Honshu, Japan. Antibodies to this virus have been found in the black-tailed gulls (species Larus crassirostris) and black-crowned night herons (species Nycticorax nycticorax).
Structure
[edit]Nyaviruses are enveloped, with spherical geometries. The diameter is around 100 to 130 nm. Genomes are linear, nonsegmented, and around 11.6 kbp in total length. The genome codes for 6 proteins.[1] Their genomes contain six open reading frames. Of these, only two have been assigned a function: the putative nucleocapsid protein and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
Life cycle
[edit]Viral replication is nuclear. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral GP glycoproteins to host receptors, which mediates clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Replication follows the negative stranded RNA virus replication model. Negative stranded RNA virus transcription, using polymerase stuttering is the method of transcription. Progeny viruses are released by budding off from the host cell wall. Ticks and birds serve as the natural host.[1]
Taxonomy
[edit]The genus has four species:[2]
- San Jacinto nyavirus
- Midway nyavirus
- Nyamanini nyavirus
- Sierra Nevada nyavirus
- Jeremy Point nyavirus
References
[edit]- ^ a b c "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
- ^ a b "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- ^ Mihindukulasuriya, K. A.; Nguyen, N. L.; Wu, G.; Huang, H. V.; Travassos Da Rosa, A. P. A.; Popov, V. L.; Tesh, R. B.; Wang, D. (2009). "Nyamanini and Midway Viruses Define a Novel Taxon of RNA Viruses in the Order Mononegavirales". Journal of Virology. 83 (10): 5109–5116. doi:10.1128/JVI.02667-08. PMC 2682064. PMID 19279111.