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Nowruz in Afghanistan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about celebration of the feast of Nowruz in Afghanistan. For the main article, see Nowruz.
Nowruz
Nowruz in Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan (21 March 2011)
Also calledFarmer's Day
Date21 March
FrequencyAnnual
Related toNowruz
Nawrouz, Novruz, Nowrouz, Nowrouz, Nawrouz, Nauryz, Nooruz, Nowruz, Navruz, Nevruz, Nowruz, Navruz
CountryAfghanistan, Azerbaijan, India, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan
Reference01161
RegionAsia and the Pacific
Inscription history
Inscription2016 (4th session)
ListRepresentative

Nowruz (Dari: نوروز Nawrōz; Pashto: نوروز Nawrōz, or نوی کال Nəwai Kāl) is the beginning of springtime and a cultural holiday in Afghanistan.[1][2] It is also celebrated by the majority of the Afghan diaspora around the world.[3][4] Farmer's Day,[5][6] which starts around the same time as the Afghan New Year,[7] is celebrated nationwide alongside Nowruz and usually lasts around two weeks. Among other things, the celebration involves planting saplings and flowers throughout the country.[8][9]

Some Afghans,[10] including members of the Taliban and their supporters, do not observe Nowruz traditions.[11] In 1985, Radio Television Afghanistan aired a Persian play to commemorate and promote Nowruz.[12] Under the 1990s Taliban rule, Nowruz was banned "due to the thought that it was a pagan holiday centered on fire worship."[13][14] After the fall of Kabul in 2021, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan officially cancelled the holiday, but clarified that they will not prevent people from celebrating it privately.[15]

Preparations for Nowruz start several days beforehand, at least after Chaharshanbe Suri, the last Wednesday before the New Year. Among various traditions and customs, the most important ones are listed below (in alphabetical order):

Tent pegging in Paktika Province of Afghanistan (21 March 2013)
Haft Mewa
  • Buzkashi (Dari: بزکشی): Along with other traditional games, a tournament of buzkashi is held during the Guli Surkh festival in Mazar-i-Sharif and other places in the country.[16]
  • Guli Surkh festival (Dari: ميلهٔ گل سرخ): The Guli Surkh festival which literally means Red Flower Festival (referring to the red Tulip flowers) is the principal festival for Nowruz. It is celebrated in Mazar-i- Sharif during the first 40 days of the year when the Tulip flowers grow in the green plains and on the hills surrounding the city. People from all over the country travel to Mazar-i-Sharif to attend the Nowruz festivals.
  • Haft Mēwa (Dari: هفت میوه): In Afghanistan, people prepare Haft Mēwa (literally translates as Seven Fruits) in addition to or instead of Haft Sin which is common in Iran. Haft Mewa is like a fruit salad made from seven different dried fruits, served in their own syrup. The seven dried fruits are: raisins, Senjed (the dried fruit of the oleaster tree), pistachios, hazelnuts, prunes (dried apricots), walnuts and either almonds or another species of plum fruit.
  • Jahanda Bala (Dari: جهنده بالا): Jahanda Bala is celebrated on the first day of the New Year (i.e. Nowruz). It is a specific religious ceremony performed in specific mosques. The ceremony is performed by raising a special banner whose color configuration resembles Derafsh Kaviani.[17] This is the biggest recorded Nowruz gathering where up to 200,000 people from all over Afghanistan get together in Mazar-i-Sharif's central park around the Blue Mosque to celebrate the banner raising (Jahanda Bala) ceremony.
  • Jashn-e Dehqān (Dari: جشن دهقان): Jashn-e Dehqan means The Festival of Farmers. It is celebrated on the first day of year, on which the farmers walk in the cities as a sign of encouragement for the agricultural production. In recent years, this activity is being performed only in Kabul and other major cities, in which the mayor and other high governmental personalities participate in watching and observing.
  • Kampirak (Dari: کمپیرک): Like "Amu Nowruz" in Iran, he is an old bearded man wearing colorful clothes with a long hat and rosary who symbolizes beneficence and the power of nature yielding the forces of winter. He and his retinue pass village by village distributing gathered charities among people and do shows like reciting poems. The tradition is observed in central provinces specially Bamyan and Daykundi.[18]
  • Samanak (Dari: سمنک): It is a special type of sweet dish made from germinated wheat, and is normally cooked or prepared on the eve of Nowruz or a few days before. Women have a special party for it during the night, and cook it from late in the evening till daylight, singing a special song: Samanak dar Josh o mā Kafcha zanem – Dochtaran* dar Khwāb o mā Dafcha zanem (* Dochter means daughter, young lady or girl).
  • Sightseeing to Cercis fields: The citizens of Kabul go to Istalif, Charikar or other green places where the Cercis flowers grow. They go for a picnic with their family during the first two weeks of the new year.
  • Special cuisine: People cook special types of dishes for Nowruz, especially on the eve of Nowruz. Normally they cook Sabzi Chalaw, a dish made from rice and spinach. Moreover, the bakeries prepare a special type of cookie, called Kulcha-e Nowruzī, which is only baked for Nowruz. Another dish which is prepared mostly for the Nowruz days is Māhī wa Jelabī (Fried Fish and Jelabi) and it is the most common meal in picnics. In Afghanistan, it is a common custom among the affianced families that the fiancé's family give presents to or prepare special dishes for the fiancée's family on special occasions such as the two Eids (Eid ul-Fitr and Eid al-Adha), Barā'at and Nowruz. Hence, the special dish for Nowruz is Māhī wa Jelabī.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Simran Sethi (March 21, 2022). "Nowruz is banned in Afghanistan, but families continue to celebrate". NPR. Retrieved 2023-01-06.
  2. ^ Lynzy Billing (March 21, 2022). "'One day to enjoy': Economy woes dampen Afghan Nowruz celebration". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2023-01-06.
  3. ^ Daniel Walters (March 14, 2022). "Spokane's Afghan population brings the Nowruz and Haft mewa to town". Inlander (newspaper). Retrieved 2023-01-06.
  4. ^ Naz Deravian (March 14, 2022). "For Afghans Abroad, Nowruz Is a Chance to Reflect". The New York Times. Retrieved 2023-01-06.
  5. ^ Zhang Dongmiao (2017-03-22). "National Farmer's Day Marks in Afghanistan". Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved 2023-01-06.
  6. ^ "National Farmer's Day Marks in Afghanistan". Ariana News Network. March 22, 2017. Retrieved 2023-01-06.
  7. ^ Lt. j.g. Keith Goodsell (March 7, 2011). "Key Afghan, US leadership plant trees for Farmer's Day". U.S. Central Command. Retrieved 2012-12-03.
  8. ^ "Paktia begins planting 2.2m pine nuts, walnuts trees". Pajhwok Afghan News. 24 March 2019. Retrieved 2024-03-21.
  9. ^ "2 million trees to be planted in Kabul city in spring". Pajhwok Afghan News. 9 March 2024. Retrieved 2024-03-21.
  10. ^ "'Abdul Does Not Celebrate Norouz': Anti-Norouz Campaign Prompts Backlash In Afghanistan". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. March 14, 2018. Retrieved 2023-01-06.
  11. ^ Najibullah Lalzoy (March 20, 2022). "Taliban announced not to hinder people celebrating New Year". Khaama Press. Retrieved 2023-01-06. Speaking with BBC Zabiullah Mujahid said that there is no celebration for Nowruz in Islam so they do not celebrate the day.
  12. ^ RTA Play on Naw Roz from 1980s (Afghanistan TV Theater) فیلم افغان نوروز. Retrieved 2024-03-17.
  13. ^ Petty Officer 1st Class Richard Wolff (March 22, 2012). "Nowruz celebrated in Mazar-e Sharif". Defense Visual Information Distribution Service. Retrieved 2023-01-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ "Bush Sends Nowruz Greetings to Afghans". USembassy-Israel.org. 2002-03-20. Archived from the original on 2010-02-02. Retrieved 2010-04-06.
  15. ^ Charlotte Greenfield (2022-03-20). "Taliban cancel public holiday for Nowruz but say celebrations allowed". Reuters. Retrieved 2022-05-03.
  16. ^ "The pain and gain in the Afghan game of buzkashi". Al Jazeera. 18 March 2024. Retrieved 2024-03-21.
  17. ^ "Jahanda Bala Ceremony Takes Place in Kabul on New Year's First Day". Tolonews. 20 March 2024. Retrieved 2024-03-21.
  18. ^ Arvin, Ayub (21 March 2010). "نوروز و چالش‌های سیاسی و مذهبی در افغانستان". BBC Persian. London. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
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