Northern Borderlands dialect
| Northern Borderlands dialect | |
|---|---|
| dialekt północnokresowy | |
| Native to | Lithuania, Belarus |
| Latin (Polish alphabet) | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | None |
 Map of borders of the Second Polish Republic until 1939, and modern state of Poland, including the area of the reach of the Northern Borderlands dialect. | |
Northern Borderlands dialect[a] is a dialect of the Polish language, spoken by the Polish minorities in Lithuania and in northwestern Belarus.[1][2]
Phonology
[edit]The Northern Borderlands dialect retains the same vowel system as standard Polish, however there is often vowel reduction in unstressed syllables. Most of the major differences appear in the realization of consonants. See Polish phonology for more information on allophones.
- Standard Polish /w/, spelled <ł>, is pronounced /ɫ/, and standard /l/ is palatalized, yielding /lʲ/, like in the Southern Borderlands dialect.
- The standard Polish palatal sibilants and affricates, /ɕ/, /ʑ/, /t͡ɕ/, and /d͡ʑ/ (spelled ,<ś>, <ź>, <ć>, and <dź> respectively) are pronounced /sʲ/, /zʲ/, /t͡sʲ/, and /d͡zʲ/.
The phoneme charts are as follows:
|
|
| Labial | Dental/ alveolar |
Post- alveolar |
(Alveolo-) palatal |
Velar | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | palatalized | ||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | kʲ | ||
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | ɡʲ | |||
| Affricate | voiceless | t͡s, t͡sʲ | t͡ʂ | ||||
| voiced | d͡z, d͡zʲ | d͡ʐ | |||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s, sʲ | ʂ | x | xʲ | |
| voiced | v | z, zʲ | ʐ | ||||
| Tap/trill | r | ||||||
| Approximant | lʲ, ɫ | j | |||||
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Zofia Kurzowa (2007). Szpiczakowska Monika, Skarżyński Mirosław (ed.). Ze studiów nad polszczyzną kresową (in Polish). Kraków: Universitas. ISBN 978-83-242-0683-4.
- ^ Zofia Kurzowa (2006). Szpiczakowska Monika, Skarżyński Mirosław (ed.). Język polski Wileńszczyzny i kresów północno-wschodnich (in Polish). Kraków: Universitas. ISBN 83-242-0738-4.
Bibliography
[edit]- Karaś, Halina (2010). Kresowe odmiany polszczyzny [Borderlands variants of Polish] (in Polish). ISBN 978-83-62844-10-4. Archived from the original on March 23, 2023.
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