North Sea Fleet (United Kingdom)
| North Sea Fleet | |
|---|---|
 Ensign of the White Squadron | |
| Active | 1745–1815 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | Royal Navy |
| Type | Fleet |
| Role | Trade Protection, Blockade |
| Part of | Royal Navy |
| Garrison/HQ | Yarmouth Roads, Great Yarmouth, (1745-1802) Ramsgate (1803-1815) |
| Engagements | |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | Admiral of the White: George Elphinstone, Viscount Keith. |
The North Sea Fleet [1] was a naval formation and major operational command of the British Royal Navy based at Great Yarmouth from 1745 to 1802 then at Ramsgate from 1803 until 1815.[2]
The fleet was commanded by the Commander-in-Chief, North Sea.[3]
History
[edit]From the thirteenth until the fifteenth century the North Sea had been an important command from the 13th to 15th centuries an Admiral of the North based at Yarmouth was appointed to commanded a Northern Fleet. During the Tudor Period Vice Admirals were appointed to command a North Sea Squadron operating from Newcastle though that squadron was usually formed only on a temporary basis. From 1652 to 1654 Yarmouth used by the Royal Navy for stationing its North Sea Fleet during the First Anglo-Dutch War.[4] A more permanent formation was established from 1745.[5] In May 1804 in the middle of Napoleon's planned invasion of the United Kingdom (1803-1805) at the start of the War of the Third Coalition, although never carried out, was a major influence on British naval strategy and the fortification of the coast of southeast England.
In 1804 the North Sea Fleet then under the command of Admiral of the White: George Elphinstone, Viscount Keith reached its largest composition consisting of some 170-179 ships (according to sources given) divided primarily between squadrons each commanded by competent admirals including one off Boulogne, France under Rear-Admiral of the Blue Thomas Louis, one in the Downs under Vice-Admiral of the White John Holloway, one off Flushing, Batavian Republic under Rear-Admiral of the White Sidney Smith, under Edward Thornborough, one under Rear-Admiral of the Red at Texel, Batavian Republic, another in Scotland at Leith under Rear-Admiral of the White James Vashon and finally one stationed at Yarmouth Roads under Rear-Admiral of the Red Thomas Macnamara Russell together with a cruising and convoy force all reporting Lord Keith.[6][7]
In Command
[edit]Composition of the fleet in May 1804
[edit]| North Sea Fleet[8] | ||||||||
| Formation/Units | Ships of the Line | Fourth Rate | Frigates | Sloops | Brigs | Other Ships | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boulogne Squadron | 1 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 11 | 23 | ||
| Downs Squadron | 5 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 29 | |
| Flushing Squadron | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 8 | |||
| Leith Squadron | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 10 | 17 | ||
| Texel Squadron | 8 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 15 | ||
| Yarmouth Squadron | 5 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 13 | |||
| Cruising & Convoy Forces | 4 | 8 | 1 | 7 | 20 | |||
| Off Heligoland[9] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||
| Off Hellevoetsluis | 2 | 2 | 4 | |||||
| Off Le Havre | 2 | 3 | 3 | 8 | ||||
| Hollesley Bay | 1 | 6 | 7 | |||||
| In Port | 1 | 2 | 16 | 19 | ||||
| Fitting Out | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | |||
| Other | 9 | |||||||
| Totals | 21 | 17 | 31 | 12 | 24 | 65 | 170/179 | |
References
[edit]- ^ Blake, Richard (2008). Evangelicals in the Royal Navy, 1775-1815: Blue Lights & Psalm-singers. Boydell Press. p. 133. ISBN 9781843833598.
- ^ Archives, The National. "Admiralty: Nore Station: Correspondence". discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk. The National Archives, 1805-1939, ADM 151. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
- ^ Mace, Martin; Grehan, John (Nov 14, 2013). British Battles of the Napoleonic Wars 1793-1806: Despatched from the Front. Pen and Sword. p. 27. ISBN 9781473831421.
- ^ Davies, J. D. (2008). Pepys Navy: Ships, Men and Warfare 1649-89. Seaforth Publishing. p. 195. ISBN 9781783830220.
- ^ Palmer, Charles John (1856). The History of Great Yarmouth, Designed as a Continuation of Manship's History of that Town. Louis Alfred Meall, The Quay. p. 275.
- ^ Rodger, N.A.M. (2004). "Fleets:May 1804 Invasion Threat". The command of the ocean : a naval history of Britain 1649-1815. London: Allen Lane. pp. 615–617. ISBN 9780713994117.
- ^ Rodger, N. A. M.; Dancy, Jeremiah Ross; Wilson, Evan (2016). Strategy and the Sea: Essays in Honour of John B. Hattendorf. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer. p. 93. ISBN 9781783270989.
- ^ Rodger. pp.615-617
- ^ The forces off Helgioland were under Rear-Admiral Edward Thornborough commanding the Texel Squadron. Rodger, Dancy, & Wilson. p.94.
