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Norman MacLeod (The Wicked Man)

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For other people with the same name, see Norman Macleod.

Norman MacLeod
Portrait of Norman MacLeod, c. 1747, by Allan Ramsay
Member of Parliament
for Inverness-shire
In office
1741–1754
Preceded bySir James Grant, Bt.
Succeeded byPryse Campbell
The 22nd Chief of Clan MacLeod
Preceded byJohn MacLeod (brother)
Succeeded byNorman 'the General' (grandson)
Personal details
Born(1705-07-29)29 July 1705
Died21 July 1772(1772-07-21) (aged 66)
St Andrews
Resting placeSt Andrew's Cathedral
Spouses
Janet Macdonald
​
​
(m. 1724; death 1743)​
Anne Martin
​
(m. 1748)​
Children8
Parent(s)Norman MacLeod (father); Anne Fraser (mother)
The monument to Norman MacLeod, St Andrews Cathedral churchyard

Norman MacLeod of MacLeod (Scottish Gaelic: Tormod MacLeòid) (1705–1772), also known as The Wicked Man (Scottish Gaelic: An Droch Dhuine), was an 18th-century Scottish politician and the 22nd Chief of Clan MacLeod.

Background

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Norman was the younger son of Norman MacLeod, the 20th Chief of Clan MacLeod. Norman's brother, John, was briefly the 21st Chief of Clan MacLeod as an infant after their father died in 1706. By 1707, John had also died, and Norman was left with the chiefdom at the age of 1.

Norman was the Member of Parliament for Inverness-shire between 1741 and 1754. He matriculated arms, and supporters, at Lyon Office, on 12 January 1753.[1] He supported the Government cause in the Jacobite Rising, and was an absentee chief as he seldom lived at his ancestors' traditional seat of Dunvegan Castle.[2]

The Ship of the People

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Norman MacLeod was a leading figure in a 1739 scandal centred around the so-called 'Ship of the People' (Scottish Gaelic: Soitheach nan Daoine), when he and Sir Alexander MacDonald of Sleat kidnapped approximately 100 of their tenants on the Isle of Skye and on the Isle of Harris, and planned to sell them into indentured servitude in the American Colonies on the pretense of transporting petty criminals, which was legal and normal for chiefs at the time. The human cargo, which included men, women, and children as young as 5, were loaded onto the William, which then disembarked in Donaghadee in present day Northern Ireland for supplies. While in Ireland, several victims attempted to escape, attracting the attention of local magistrates, who reported the case to the British government. Norman and Sir Alexander successfully denied their complicity in the incident, and were not prosecuted by government authorities, who instead implicated several conspirators personally involved in transporting the victims.[3][4][5][6]

Jacobite Rising

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Norman, and his clan, supported the Government during the 1745 Jacobite Rising.[1] Norman had initially pledged his support for the cause, but as soon as Charles Edward Stuart reached Scotland, he is known to have been working against the Jacobite cause.[7] Historian James Hunter speculated that his relationship to Lord President Duncan Forbes of Culloden, who cleared him of charges after the Ship of the People incident, played a key role in his decision to support the Hanoverians.[8] He raised several independent companies for the British government in 1745. In December, Norman was ordered to march his troops and engage Lord Lewis Gordon. Norman left Inverness on 10 December, with about 700 men. On the night of 23 December, he was defeated by a superior force commanded by Gordon at the Battle of Inverurie. About 70 of Norman's men were killed, wounded, or captured.[9]

Norman, and his clan, did not take part in the Battle of Culloden. Instead they and the Macdonalds of Sleat remained on Skye. On 22 April, following the battle, William, Duke of Cumberland ordered John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun, to march all his men into the Highlands and devastate the lands of the men who supported the rebellion. Loudon then crossed into the mainland with about 500 of his men but was followed by the Macdonalds and Norman, who together had about 1,200 men between them. Several days later the combined force laid waste to the lands of Grant of Glenmoriston.[10] Norman's men also raided the nearby island of Raasay, in the aftermath of the Jacobite failure. The island was the home of the MacLeods of Raasay who had supported the Jacobite cause, and who had been present at Culloden. Norman's men destroyed 32 boats, 300 houses, and killed 1,000 cows, sheep, and horses.[11]

Nickname

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Norman was known in his own time by the nickname "The Wicked Man" (Scottish Gaelic: An Droch Dhuine). This may be partly because, during his minority, he went through £60,000 and left his estate a debt of £50,000. In consequence of this debt, the ancestral clan lands of Harris and Glenelg were lost. The Ship of the People incident, an attempt to remedy this debt, was also a major reason for his nickname. [8] Another reason for the name is from his part in the Lady Grange affair[12] and the ill treatment to his first wife.[13] In the 20th century, Dame Flora MacLeod of MacLeod, 28th Chief of Clan MacLeod, tried to have his unflattering nickname changed to "The Red Man", because of the colour of the tartan he wears in the portrait painted by Allan Ramsay (pictured).[14]

Family

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Norman's first marriage was to Janet, daughter of Sir Donald Macdonald of Sleat, 4th Baronet,[1] in December 1724. Norman had his wife live with her mother-in-law and several sisters-in-law at Castle Leod. By 1733, the couple were separated, and remained apart from one another for seven years. In 1740, Duncan Forbes of Culloden was able to negotiate a reconciliation between the pair, and she then lived with Norman until her death in 1743. According to tradition, Norman brought about Janet's death by locking her in the dungeon of Dunvegan Castle and leaving her to starve there.[2] Through this marriage, the couple had one son and two daughters: John MacLeod of MacLeod Younger, Emilia, and Anne.[2]

Five years after Janet's death, Norman married Anne, daughter of William Martin of Inchfure. Anne died in 1802. The couple had three daughters: Elizabeth, Anne, and Mary.[13]

Norman also had two illegitimate sons, Alexander[13] and Norman.[15]

Death

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Norman died on 21 July 1772 and was buried in the kirkyard of St Andrews Cathedral, in St Andrews.[2] He was succeeded by his grandson, Norman MacLeod.[13]

Ancestry

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Dewar, Peter Beauclerk (2001), Burke's landed gentry of Great Britain: together with members of the titled and non-titled contemporary establishment (19, illustrated ed.), Burke's Peerage & Gentry, p. 942, ISBN 978-0-9711966-0-5
  2. ^ a b c d Norman The Red Man Macleod (XXII Chief), Associated Clan MacLeod Societies Genealogical Resources Center (www.macleodgenealogy.org), archived from the original on 24 September 2011, retrieved 23 August 2010 This webpage cited: MacKinnon, Donald; Morrison, Alick (1969), MacLeod Chiefs of Harris and Dunvegan, Edinburgh: The Clan MacLeod Society, p. 28; and also: Morrison, Alick (1986), The Chiefs of Clan MacLeod, East Kilbride, Scotland{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ^ Hunter, James (2011). Scottish Exodus: Travels Among a Worldwide Clan. Edinburgh, United Kingdom: Mainstream Publishing. ISBN 978-1840184693. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  4. ^ Murdoch, Alexander (2009). Scotland and America, c.1600-c.1800. Edinburgh, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 40–41. ISBN 9781137238030. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  5. ^ MacLean, Sorley (2002). Poems to Eimhir. Glasgow, United Kingdom: Association for Scottish Literary Studies. p. 168. ISBN 9780948877490. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  6. ^ "The Hebridean 'slaves' offered for £3 a head". The Scotsman. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  7. ^ Roberts, John Leonard (2002), The Jacobite Wars: Scotland and the Military Campaigns of 1715 and 1745, Edinburgh: Polygon at Edinburgh, pp. 76–77, ISBN 1-902930-29-0
  8. ^ a b Hunter 2011.
  9. ^ Roberts, John Leonard (2002), The Jacobite Wars: Scotland and the Military Campaigns of 1715 and 1745, Edinburgh: Polygon at Edinburgh, p. 110, ISBN 1-902930-29-0
  10. ^ Roberts, John Leonard (2002), The Jacobite Wars: Scotland and the Military Campaigns of 1715 and 1745, Edinburgh: Polygon at Edinburgh, p. 184, ISBN 1-902930-29-0
  11. ^ Roberts, John Leonard (2002), The Jacobite Wars: Scotland and the Military Campaigns of 1715 and 1745, Edinburgh: Polygon at Edinburgh, p. 190, ISBN 1-902930-29-0
  12. ^ Spencer Hamilton, Frederick; Daryl, Sidney; Morley, Charles Robert; Halkett, George Roland (1901), The Pall Mall Magazine, vol. 24, George Routledge & Sons, Ltd, p. 15
  13. ^ a b c d Mackenzie, Alexander (1887). The Celtic Magazine. Vol. 12. Inverness: A. & W. Mackenzie. pp. 119–122.
  14. ^ Hunter, James (2005), Scottish exodus: travels among a worldwide clan, Mainstream Publishing, ISBN 978-1-84018-469-3
  15. ^ Capt. Norman 'Cyprus' Macleod, Associated Clan MacLeod Societies Genealogical Resources Center (www.macleodgenealogy.org), retrieved 22 August 2010 This webpage cited: MacKinnon, Donald; Morrison, Alick (1970), The MacLeods: The Genealogy of a clan, Section III, Cadet Families, Edinburgh: The Clan MacLeod Society, pp. 97, 143
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