New school (tattoo)
New school is a tattooing style originating as early as the 1970s and influenced by some features of old school tattooing in the United States. The style is often characterized by the use of heavy outlines, vivid colors, and exaggerated depictions of the subject. New school also represents a transition towards openness in the sharing of techniques in tattooing.
Origin
[edit]There are multiple accounts regarding how new school tattooing began. One account posits that California tattoo artists began experimenting with multiple design styles as early as the 1970s and included subject matter such as famous film actors, Disney characters, and even the USS Enterprise from Star Trek.[1] It is argued that during this time, new cultural designs came from the demands of customers, and less so from the inspiration of tattoo artists.[1]
Other accounts place the emergence of new school tattooing during the late 1980s[2] and 1990s.[3][4] Tattoo artist Marcus Pacheco is one artist recognized for popularizing new school tattooing early on.[3]
Characteristics
[edit]New school tattooing incorporates elements from many tattooing traditions including irezumi, old school, and folk art.[2][3] It is similar to old school tattooing in that they both generally employ heavy outlines.[5] In contrast to the restricted palette in old school,[5] however, new school tattoos frequently use a range of bright colors.[6][7] New school tattoos are not realistic in that they exaggerate details in the subject; they are sometimes compared to styles seen in cartooning,[8] graffiti art,[9] and themes seen in hip hop culture such as jagged edges and bubble letters.[10]
In terms of subject matter, new school tattoos are not restricted to traditional subjects (such as hearts and eagles).[11] They feature fantastical subjects,[12] novel patterns, and generally allow for a great deal of customization.[10] However, old school subjects are commonly done in a new school style as a way of expressing homage or irony.[13]
Changes in artist secrecy
[edit]New school is also considered to represent a transition in artists' attitudes towards sharing information on their work and techniques.[14] The craft of old school tattoos was often protected by artists during the 1970s and 1980s for fear of losing business to competitors.[15] However, this also meant that innovation was stifled in the tattooing community. New school artists were more open with this information and pushing the boundaries of tattooing,[14] and explains why there is some tension between older and newer tattooers; regarding this transition, traditional tattooers remark that "tattooing has lost some of its charm," whereas newer tattooers consider this openness to be progressive.[15]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Wilton, John (1991). "Towards an Understanding of Skin Art". In Blandy, Doug; Congdon, Kristin G. (eds.). Pluralistic approaches to art criticism. Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green State University Popular Press. p. 81. ISBN 0879725435.
- ^ a b Miller, Jean-Chris (1997). The body art book: a complete, illustrated guide to tattoos, piercings, and other body modifications (Berkley trade pbk. ed.). New York: Berkley Books. p. 61. ISBN 042515985X.
- ^ a b c Reardon, John (2008). The complete idiot's guide to getting a tattoo. Indianapolis, IN: Alpha Books. p. 44–45. ISBN 978-1592577255.
- ^ DeMello, Margo (2014). Inked: Tattoos and Body Art around the World. ABC-CLIO. p. 476. ISBN 978-1610690768.
- ^ a b DeMello 2014, p. 475.
- ^ "Tattoos by Scotty Munster". Inked Magazine. Quadra Media. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
- ^ Levy, Janey (2009). Tattoos in modern society (1st ed.). New York: The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 41. ISBN 978-1404218291.
- ^ Hukson, Mrs. "Camden Tattoo shop". Retrieved 24 March 2022.
- ^ Green, Terisa (2012). "Category Tattoo Index". The Tattoo Encyclopedia. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1471108617.
- ^ a b Libassi, Matt. "A Guide to Tattoo Styles". Fox News Magazine. FOX News Network. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
- ^ Levy 2009, pp. 38, 41.
- ^ Griffith, Matt. "Tattoo Styles and Trends". Skin Artists Magazine. Archived from the original on 27 March 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
- ^ MacKendrick, Karmen (2004). Word made skin : figuring language at the surface of flesh (1st ed.). New York: Fordham Univ. Press. p. 133. ISBN 0823224074.
- ^ a b Miller 1997, pp. 61–62.
- ^ a b Hudson, Karen L. (2009). Living canvas your total guide to tattoos, piercings, and body modification. Berkeley, Calif.: Seal Press. p. 12–13. ISBN 978-0786744831.