Nationalist Liberation Offensive
Nationalist Liberation Offensive | |
|---|---|
| Leader | Enrique Arancibia Clavel |
| Founded | 1969 |
| Dissolved | 1970 |
| Membership | ~50[1] |
| Ideology | Fascism Nazism Chilean nationalism Viauxism National syndicalism Anti-communism |
| Political position | Far-right |
Nationalist Liberation Offensive (Spanish: Ofensive Nacionalista de Liberación) was a fascist Chilean political movement led by the terrorist Enrique Arancibia Clavel. It operated between 1969 and October 1970 through means of political violence and sabotage against the government of Christian Democrat Eduardo Frei Montalva and Socialist Salvador Allende Gossens.[2][3]
History
[edit]
It was formed in 1969 by a small group of university law students who took pride in their fascist-style hierarchies and greetings. Their ideology stemmed from the works of nationalist thinkers Jorge Prat Echaurren and Jorge González von Marées. The historian Erwin Robertson, ex-member of the organization and archiver of their manifesto(Manifiesto Político de Ofensiva Nacionalista, 1969) states that:
The name “Ofensiva Nacionalista” was evidently inspired by that of the “Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista”, the first Spanish fascist movement (later merged with the Falange), founded by Ramiro Ledesma Ramos, and the tone of the Manifiesto Político de Ofensiva Nacionalista evoked that of the Manifiesto Político de la Conquista del Estado (1931), by Ledesma himself.
— Robertson, 2004
They were critical of other nationalist groups of the time. Of the Revolutionary National Syndicalist Movement, for example, they said that it seemed to them a “stultified” group, “a movement of the fifties and sixties, which seemed to have nothing to do.”[4] They admired General Roberto Viaux and, after the Tacnazo, it was part of the proliferation of nationalist groups that hoped for a nationalist revolution with the support of the Armed Forces.[5] Although the group claimed to be a political movement, in practice it was devoted largely to supporting the general.[6]
In early 1970 they attracted attention after interrupting a speech by Eduardo Frei Montalva at the inauguration ceremony of the academic year in the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile at the San Joaquín Campus. Already in October 1970, and as part of the strong nationalist opposition to the imminent victory of future president Salvador Allende Gossens, Erwin Robertson and two other ONL members planned to blow up a level crossing on Matta Avenue and print leaflets blaming an alleged leftist group, for which they were arrested in O'Higgins Park when they were caught with 42 sticks of dynamite.[5] They were consequently imprisoned and convicted “definitively for the crime of conspiring to overthrow the constitutional government”. [7] Robertson's sentence was, however, reduced to 541 days in prison.[8] Arancibia became fugitive after explosives were found in his home.[9]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]Footnotes
[edit]- ^ Robertson 2004.
- ^ Valdivia 1996, p. 49.
- ^ Vega 2017, p. 75.
- ^ Vega 2017, p. 39
- ^ a b Valdivia 1996, p. 49
- ^ Robertson 2019, p. 284
- ^ Robertson 2004
- ^ Revista de Derecho Jurisprudencia Y Ciencias Sociales, 1972, 69(5-10), p. 235.
- ^ Valdivia 1996, p. 50
Bibliography
[edit]- Robinson, Erwin (2004). "Acerca del nacionalismo en la época de la Unidad Popular. La revista Tacna" [On nationalism in the time of the Popular Unity. Tacna magazine] (PDF). Aportes: Revista de historia contemporánea (in Spanish). 19 (55): 84–97.
- Robertson, Erwin (2019). "Testimonio histórico-politico". Tierra y Pueblo: La ideología del nacionalismo chileno a través de su historia [Land and People: The ideology of Chilean nationalism throughout its history.] (PDF) (in Spanish). Santiago: Ediciones Ignacio Carrera Pinto. pp. 281–292.
- Valdivia, Verónica (1996). Camino al Golpe: el nacionalismo chileno a la caza de las fuerzas armadas [Road to the Coup: Chilean nationalism on the hunt for the armed forces]. Santiago: Universidad Blas Cañas.
- Vega, Constanza (2017). "En Chile no pasarán": el movimiento Patria y Libertad en su lucha anticomunista contra la Unidad Popular, 1970-1973: violencia política, propaganda y estrategia de masas [“It won't happen in Chile": the Fatherland and Liberty movement in its anticommunist struggle against Popular Unity, 1970-1973: political violence, propaganda and mass strategy.] (in Spanish). Santiago: Universidad de Chile.
- Videla, Carlos (2019). Tierra y Pueblo: La ideología del nacionalismo chileno a través de su historia [Land and People: The ideology of Chilean nationalism throughout its history.] (in Spanish). Santiago: Ediciones Ignacio Carrera Pinto.