Narrative crime script
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A narrative crime script is a step-by-step account of the procedures and decision-making processes involved in a particular event, usually relating to an illegal activity.[1]
It is constructed using a logical sequence of events that is easily interpreted by an observer to make themselves a participant viewer. For instance, an observer doesn't need to see firefighters at a burnt house to know they were there.[2]
Criminology
[edit]The script-theoretic approach was proposed by Cornish[3] in 1994 as a way to better understand how crimes are committed and how to prevent them. The central element of this approach, the crime script, is a step-by-step account of the actions and decisions involved in a crime.[1]
Crime scripts have been represented in various forms: text/paragraphs, tables and flowchart diagrams.[4]
Crimes have been scripted in the following areas:[4]
- Cybercrime[5]
- Corruption and fraud offences[6]
- Robbery and theft offences[7]
- Drug offences[8]
- Environmental crimes[9][10]
- Violent crimes[11][12]
- Sexual offences[13][14]
- Other [15]
A framework was proposed by Borrion for the evaluation of crime scripts that considers the following properties of crime scripts: typology, traceability, transparency, consistency, context, completeness, parsimony, precision, uncertainty, usability, ambiguity, and accuracy.[16]
News scripts
[edit]It is constructed using a logical sequence of events that is easily interpreted by an observer to make themselves a participant viewer. For instance, an observer doesn't need to see firefighters at a burnt house to know there were there.[2]
The format of a news crime script is divided into three sections:
The first section starts with the broadcaster delivering a brief announcement of the event of the crime, consisting of basic information that is relevant to the story. This is usually presented with an anchorperson introducing the story in a news segment.
The second section gives the viewer a supported account of the event. This often includes broadcasting images and video that is related to the event and using supporting statements and accounts from family members, bystanders, and witnesses. The purpose of this phase is to expand on the information given in the first section and to support the details included in the original report.
Third, the focus shifts to the identity of the suspect, and the actions taken to apprehend the perpetrator. This includes the description of any suspects or collected leads. It is often in this section that the biases of the report are most apparent.[2]
The majority of research concerning the narrative script of crime reporting is focused on the viewers of the newscast. Research showed that narrative script crime reporting is receptive to racial stereotypes. In a study where subjects were shown broadcasts in keeping with the narrative crime script model, the majority of subjects recalled the race of the suspect as being of color. This was inconsistent with the broadcast which did not always show a colored suspect, if any suspect at all.[2]
A 2000 study tried to relate exposure to local news and viewers fear of crime. Instead, it was found that factors such as gender, socioeconomic status, current place of residence and past exposure to criminals were far more determinant in an individual's relative fear of crime.[2]
External links
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Cornish, D.B. and Clarke, R.V.G. (2006) "The rational choice perspective", in Henry, S. and Lanier, M. (eds) The Essential Criminology Reader, Boulder, CO: Westview. ISBN 978-0813343198
- ^ a b c d e Gilliam, Franklin; Shanto, Iyengar (July 2000). "Prime Suspects: The Influence of Local Television News on the Viewing Public". Midwest Political Science Association. 44 (3): 560–573 [561]. JSTOR 2669264.
- ^ Cornish, D. B. (1994). "The procedural analysis of offending and its relevance for situational prevention" (PDF). Crime Prevention Studies. 3: 151–196.
- ^ a b Dehghanniri, H. and Borrion, H. (2019). "'Crime scripting: A systematic review". European Journal of Criminology. 18 (4): 504–525. doi:10.1177/1477370819850943. S2CID 155271013.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Leukfeldt, R. and Jansen, J. (2015). "Cyber Criminal Networks and Money Mules: An Analysis of Low-Tech and High-Tech Fraud Attacks in the Netherlands" (PDF). International Journal of Cyber Criminology. 9 (2): 173.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Rowe, E., Akman, T., Smith, R. G. and Tomison, A. M. (2012). "Organised crime and public sector corruption: a crime scripts analysis of tactical displacement risks". Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice. 444: 1.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Price, V., Sidebottom, A. and Tilley, N. (2014). "Understanding and Preventing Lead Theft from Churches: A Script Analysis". In Grove L. and Thomas S. (ed.). Heritage Crime: Progress, Prospects and Prevention. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 128. ISBN 9781137357502.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Chiu, Y. N., Leclerc, B. and Townsley, M. (2011). "Crime script analysis of drug manufacturing in clandestine laboratories: Implications for Prevention". British Journal of Criminology. 51 (2): 355–374. doi:10.1093/bjc/azr005.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Baird, J., Curry, R., and Cruz, P. (2014). "An overview of waste crime, its characteristics, and the vulnerability of the EU waste sector". Waste Management & Research. 32 (2): 97–105. Bibcode:2014WMR....32...97B. doi:10.1177/0734242X13517161. PMID 24519223. S2CID 31605707.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Tompson, L. and Chainey, S. (2011). "Profiling illegal waste activity: using crime scripts as a data collection and analytical strategy" (PDF). European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. 17 (3): 179–201. doi:10.1007/s10610-011-9146-y. S2CID 143528398.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ De Bie, J. L., De Poot, C. J. and Van Der Leun, J. P. (2015). "Shifting Modus Operandi of Jihadist Foreign Fighters From the Netherlands Between 2000 and 2013: A Crime Script Analysis". Terrorism and Political Violence. 27 (3): 1–25. doi:10.1080/09546553.2015.1021038. S2CID 219643973.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Osborne, J. R. and Joel A. C. (2017). "Examining active shooter events through the rational choice perspective and crime script analysis". Security Journal. 30 (3): 880–902. doi:10.1057/sj.2015.12. S2CID 152456912.
- ^ Brayley, H., Cockbain, E. and Laycock, G. (2011). "The value of crime scripting: deconstructing internal child sex trafficking". Policing. 5 (2): 132–143. doi:10.1093/police/par024.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Leclerc, B., Wortley, R. and Smallbone, S. (2011). "Getting into the script of adult child sex offenders and mapping out situational prevention measures". Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. 48 (2): 209–237. doi:10.1177/0022427810391540. S2CID 146438478.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Vakhitova, Z. I. and Bell, P. J. (2018). "A script analysis of the role of athletes' support networks as social facilitators in doping in sport". Crime Prevention and Community Safety. 20 (3): 168–188. doi:10.1057/s41300-018-0045-8. S2CID 150305045.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Borrion, H. (2013). "Quality assurance in crime scripting". Crime Science. 2 (1): 6. doi:10.1186/2193-7680-2-6.