Nahr al-Allan
Nahr al-Allan or Wadi al-Allan is a river in southern Syria which traditionally marks the natural boundary between the Hauran plain and the Golan Heights (though this boundary is alternatively placed at Nahr al-Ruqqad instead).[1][2] The Allan is one of the tributaries of the Yarmuk, which marks part of the national border of Syria and Jordan.
Course
[edit]The length of the Allan is about 12 miles (19 km).[3]
The river flows southward from the foot of the Tell al-Hara mound (the highest point in the Hauran plain) through the stony, volcanic cone-covered country where the river has an altitude of approximately 440 meters (1,440 ft) above sea level. Here it is slightly lower than the roughly parallel Ruqqad river 5.5 kilometers (3.4 mi) to the Allan's west. The river's altitude declines to about 410 meters (1,350 ft) after it passes near the ruins of Beit Akkar then drops another 18 meters (59 ft) down a cliff. The river becomes narrow at this point and is joined by a ravine called the Wadi Beit Akkar.[4]
After about 0.8 kilometers (0.50 mi) the river again falls about 18 meters (59 ft) over a cliff. A little beyond this point it is joined by the stream historically known as Wadi Jabala.[5] The 'Wadi Jabala' no longer appears on modern maps but it is an ancient toponym named after the Ghassanid phylarch Jabala ibn al-Harith.[6] Around 2 miles (3.2 km) after the Allan passes Hayt it is joined by Nahr al-Harir (or Ehreir) and after a further 2 miles (3.2 km) the joint river terminates at the Shari'at al-Manadireh at an elevation of 55 meters (180 ft) above sea level.[7]
References
[edit]- ^ Cordesman 2008, p. 223.
- ^ Schumacher 1886, p. 84.
- ^ Schumacher 1886, p. 18.
- ^ Schumacher 1886, pp. 16–17.
- ^ Schumacher 1886, p. 17.
- ^ Shahid 2002, pp. 81–82.
- ^ Schumacher 1886, pp. 17–18.
Bibliography
[edit]- Cordesman, Anthony H. (2008). Israel and Syria: The Military Balance and Prospects of War. Greenwood Publishing. ISBN 978-0-313-35520-2.
- Schumacher, Gottlieb (1886). Across the Jordan: Being an Exploration and Survey of Part of Hauran and Jaulan. London: Richard Bentley and Son.
- Shahid, Irfan (2002). Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, Volume 2, Issue 1. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks and Research Library.