Nadwórna County
Nadwórna
Powiat nadwórniański | |
|---|---|
 Coat of arms | |
 | |
| Country | .svg){kind=small} Second Polish Republic |
| Voivodeship | Stanisławów |
| Seat | Nadwórna |
| Area | |
| • Total | 2,472 km2 (954 sq mi) |
| Population (1931) | |
| • Total | 140,700 |
| • Density | 57/km2 (150/sq mi) |
Nadwórna County (Polish: Powiat nadwórniański, Ukrainian: Надвірнянський повіт) was a former Polish county (Powiat) in the Stanisławów Voivodeship in Southeastern Poland.
The county existed between 1921 and 1939, as a direct successor of the Austrian Nadwórna District (‹See Tfd›German: Bezirk Nadwórna, Polish: Powiat nadwórniański).
History
[edit]With the proclamation of the West Ukrainian People's Republic on 1 November 1918,[1] the territory of the Austrian Nadwórna District fell under Ukrainian administration, with Ivan Syanotskyi being appointed district commissioner. Polish troops entered Nadwórna between May 20 and 25 1919;[2] By November 1919 Entente Powers acknowledged Poland's claim to Galicia.[3] During the Polish-Bolshevik War in 1920, Petlura's forces killed 6 Jews in Nadwórna and wounded many more.[4] In postwar years, due to persecution and an epidemic, the number of Jews in the county drastically decreased.[5]
On 1 April 1923 the Bitków municipality (gmina) was transferred into the Nadwórna County from the neighbouring Bohorodczany County,[6] out of which also the Mołotków municipality was transferred to Nadwórna County on 1 July 1925.[7]
On 1 January 1926 the municipality of Święty Józef was transferred from Nadwórna County to Kołomyja County.[8]
On 1 April 1932, the neighbouring Bohorodczany County was liquidated, out of which the following municipalities (gminas) were annexed into Nadwórna County: Bogrówka, Dźwiniacz, Grabowiec, Jabłonka, Kosmacz, Kryczka, Krzywiec, Majdan, Manasterczany, Maniawa, Markowa, Porohy, Przysłup, Rabcze, Rakowiec, Rosulna, Sołotwina, Starunia, Zarzecze and Żuraki.[9] The reminder of the Bohorodczany County was annexed into the Stanisławów County.
In 1938 many local Jews left Nadwórna County, fearing an impending war.[4]
On 15 June 1939, Alois Sornik, a German citizen was murdered in Zielona in Nadwórna County under unclear circumstances. German propaganda would later portray Sornik's death as a political assassination.[10]
The Bad Schandau-based German newspaper Sächsische Elbzeitung would later report on the incident, stating that Sornik was walking from the boarding school in Zielona to the Greek Catholic rectory where he lived, when two men, later identified as forester Wrobel and forest worker Onufrek, knocked Sornik to the ground before beating him. Sornik was taken to the hospital in Nadwórna in the car of a tourist, succumbing to his injures four days later. Sornik's body was later transferred to Ansbach in Bavaria where his parents lived. His two perpetrators were arrested by the public prosecutor's office in Stanisławów.[11]
The newspaper put forth the idea that Sornik's murder was in connection to his brother's political role representing the German minority in Silesia. Sornik's funeral in Ansbach was ceremonially attended by the NSDAP.[citation needed]
World War II
[edit]On 20 September 1939, following the outbreak of the Second World War, Soviet troops entered Nadwórna, the county's capital. As Polish authorities had fled the city, local Jews organised self-defense units to patrol the city's streets, partaking in the defense of Jewish property against plundering by Ukrainian peasants in the village of Sołotwina.[12]
Delatyn, through which Polish authorities fled en route to Romania, was similarly captured by Soviet forces in late September. Under Soviet occupation deportations of Poles, Jews and Ukrainians involved in the nationalist movement to Siberia and Kazakhstan soon began.[13]
On November 27, 1939, Nadwórna county was officially incorporated into the Soviet Union's newly formed Stanislav Oblast;[14] On 17 January 1940 it was recorganised into the Nadvirna Raion.
During German-occupation the territory of the former county was incorporated into the General Government on 1 August 1941, constituting a part of the Stanislau District (‹See Tfd›German: Kreishauptmannschaft Stanislau) of the District of Galicia.[15]
Administrative division
[edit]From 1934 to 1939 the Nadwórna County was constituted by 14 "rural municipalities" (Polish: Gminy wiejskie), and two cities — Nadwórna and Delatyn, as per the regulation of the Minister of Internal Affairs from July 21 1934 on the administrative division of the county.[16]
Municipalities of Nadwórna County:
| Coat of arms | Municipality | Type | Population | Area |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Nadwórna | City | 10,488 | 29,42 km² |
|
Delatyn | City | 8,815 | 51,41 km² |
| Jabłonica | Rural Municipality | 2,203 | 105,68 km² | |
| Jaremcze | Rural Municipality | 5,536 | 148,92 km² | |
| Łanczyn | Rural Municipality | 11,857 | 94,22 km² | |
| Majdan Średni | Rural Municipality | 10,837 | 145,81 km² | |
| Mikuliczyn | Rural Municipality | 4,570 | 171,23 km² | |
| Osławy Białe | Rural Municipality | 10,639 | 112,62 km² | |
| Pniów | Rural Municipality | 11,880 | 115,76 km² | |
| Porohy | Rural Municipality | 7,031 | 246,08 km² | |
| Przerośl | Rural Municipality | 10,342 | 110,22 km² | |
| Rosulna | Rural Municipality | 7,743 | 102,75 km² | |
| Sołotwina | Rural Municipality | 14,785 | 128,64 km² | |
| Starunia | Rural Municipality | 11,308 | 90,08 km² | |
| Worochta | Rural Municipality | 3,540 | 261,64 km² | |
| Zielona | Rural Municipality | 8,760 | 557,87 km² |
References
[edit]- ^ Tsebenko, Andrii. "Proclamation of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic: Polytechnicians throughout history". Lviv Polytechnic National University. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
- ^ Handziuk, Rostislav (1999). Надвірна: Історичний нарис (in Ukrainian). Ivano-Frankivsk.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Wojna polsko-ukraińska 1918-1919". Polskie Radio (in Polish). 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
- ^ a b Turner, Dr. Steven (2022). "Chronology Nadworna, Galicia". JewishGen KehilaLinks. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "Nadwórna - Historia społeczności". Wirtualny Sztetl (in Polish). Retrieved 27 September 2024.
- ^ "Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 28 lutego 1923 r. w przedmiocie wyłączenia gminy Bitków i nie wcielonego jeszcze do tej gminy obszaru dworskiego Bitków z powiatu politycznego i obszaru działania samorządowej reprezentacji powiatowej Bohorodczany i obszaru działania samorządowej reprezentacji powiatowej Nadwórna". Dziennik Ustaw (in Polish) (Dz.U. 1923 nr 25 poz. 155). Rada Ministrów. 1923.
- ^ "Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 17 czerwca 1925 r. w sprawie wyłączenia gminy Mołotków z powiatu politycznego bohorodczańskiego, a wcielenia do powiatu politycznego nadwórniańskiego". Dziennik Ustaw (in Polish) (Dz.U. 1925 nr 64 poz. 450). Rada Ministrów. 1925.
- ^ "Wyłączenie gminy Święty Józef z powiatu politycznego i obszaru działania samorządowej reprezentacji powiatowej nadwórniańskiej a wcielenie do powiatu politycznego i obszaru działania samorządowej reprezentacji powiatowej kołomyjskiej". Dziennik Ustaw (in Polish) (Dz.U.1925.83.573). Rada Ministrów. 1925.
- ^ "Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 7 stycznia 1932 r. w sprawie zniesienia oraz zmiany granic niektórych powiatów na obszarze województwa stanisławowskiego". Dziennik Ustaw (in Polish) (Dz.U. 1932 nr 6 poz. 37). Rada Ministrów. 1932.
- ^ "THE ROAD TO WAR, 1933-1939". Imperial War Museums. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "Sächsische Elbzeitung : 21.06.1939" (in German). Bad Schandau: Legler & Zeuner. 21 June 1939. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ Levin, Vladimir (2009). "Nadworna - Holocaust". Jewish Galicia & Bukovina. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ Bozhena, Zakaliuzna. "Delatyn - guidebook". Shletl Routes. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
- ^ "Указ Президиума Верховного Совета УССР 27.11.1939 «Об образовании Львовськой, Дрогобычской, Волынской, Станиславской, Тарнопольской и Ровенской областей в составе УРСР»" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 26 Nov 2016.
- ^ Herdecke, Rolf (2008). "Kreishauptmannschaft Stanislau". territorial.de (in German). Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "Rozporządzenie Ministra Spraw Wewnętrznych z dnia 21 lipca 1934 r. o podziale powiatu nadwórniańskiego w województwie stanisławowskiem na gminy wiejskie". Dziennik Ustaw (in Polish) (Dz.U. 1934 nr 68 poz. 627). Rada Ministrów. 1934.