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NGC 3432

Coordinates: Sky map 10h 52m 31.1s, +36° 37′ 08″
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NGC 3432
SDSS DR14 image of NGC 3432
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationLeo Minor
Right ascension10h 52m 31.132s[1]
Declination+36° 37′ 07.60″[1]
Heliocentric radial velocity613[2]
Distance40.1 ± 5.8 Mly (12.30 ± 1.77 Mpc)[2]
Apparent magnitude (V)11.3[3]
Characteristics
TypeSB(s)m[4]
Apparent size (V)6.5″ × 1.1″[3]
Other designations
NGC 3432, Arp 206, UGC 5986, PGC 32643[5]

NGC 3432 is an edge-on spiral galaxy that can be found in the northern constellation of Leo Minor.[6] It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on March 19, 1787.[7] This galaxy is located at a distance of 40 million light-years (12.3 Mpc) from the Milky Way.[2] It is interacting with UGC 5983, a nearby dwarf galaxy, and features tidal filaments and intense star formation. Because of these features, it was listed in Halton Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies.[8]

Hubble image of NGC 3432 showing regions of star formation[9]

The morphological classification of NGC 3432 is SB(s)m,[4] which indicates this is a barred Magellanic spiral galaxy (SB) with no inner ring structure (s) and an irregular appearance (m). The galaxy is inclined at an angle of 85°±2° to the plane of the sky[2] with its major axis along a positional angle of 38°, which means it is being viewed from nearly edge-on. It is interacting with the companion galaxy UGC 5983, which is creating features that extend outside the galactic plane, as well as an extended halo of radio emission.[4] The shape of the galaxy is distorted and two tidal tails have been identified. NGC 3432 has an active galactic nucleus of the LINER type with a nuclear HII region.[10]

In May 3, 2000, a candidate nova was detected in this galaxy.[11] It was located 123″ east and 180″ north of the galactic nucleus, and aligned with an H II region (or spiral arm) of the galaxy.[12] This appeared similar to a type IIn supernova (designated SN 2000ch), but it peaked below the typical luminosity of these events. As such, it may have been a "superoutburst" of a luminous variable and thus it could have survived the event.[13] The outburst was found comparable to an eruption of Eta Carinae in the mid–nineteenth century.[14] Multiple subsequent outbursts were observed in 2008 and 2009.[15] It is now classified as a supernova imposter, and is expected to become a core collapse supernova in the future.[16]

References

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  1. ^ a b Skrutskie, Michael F.; et al. (February 1, 2006), "The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)", The Astronomical Journal, 131 (2): 1163–1183, Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1163S, doi:10.1086/498708, ISSN 0004-6256, S2CID 18913331.
  2. ^ a b c d Kourkchi, Ehsan; et al. (October 23, 2020), "Cosmicflows-4: The Catalog of ∼10,000 Tully–Fisher Distances", The Astrophysical Journal, 902 (2): 145, arXiv:2009.00733, Bibcode:2020ApJ...902..145K, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abb66b, ISSN 1538-4357.
  3. ^ a b Gilmour, Jess K. (2003), The Practical Astronomer's Deep-sky Companion, Springer London, p. 73, ISBN 1-85233-474-6.
  4. ^ a b c English, Jayanne; Irwin, Judith A. (June 1997), "The Ionized Gas and Radio Halo of NGC 3432 (ARP 206)", Astronomical Journal, 113: 2006–2024, Bibcode:1997AJ....113.2006E, doi:10.1086/118413.
  5. ^ "NGC 3432". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2024-03-15.
  6. ^ "Feeling Edgy". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  7. ^ Seligman, Courtney. "Celestial Atlas NGC Objects 2850-2899". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 2024-03-15.
  8. ^ Arp, Halton (1966). Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies. Pasadena, California: California Institute of Technology. Retrieved 5 Jan 2010.
  9. ^ Hubble Traces a Galaxy's Outer Reaches, NASA Hubble Mission Team, Goddard Spaceflight Center, August 2, 2019, retrieved 2024-03-16.
  10. ^ Irwin, Judith A.; et al. (April 2000), "High-Resolution Radio Continuum Observations of Edge-on Spiral Galaxies", The Astronomical Journal, 119 (4): 1592–1607, Bibcode:2000AJ....119.1592I, doi:10.1086/301287.
  11. ^ Wagner, R. M.; et al. (May 2000), Green, D. W. E. (ed.), "Variable Star in NGC 3432", IAU Circular, 7417: 2, Bibcode:2000IAUC.7417....2W.
  12. ^ Papenkova, M.; Li, W. D. (May 2000), Green, D. W. E. (ed.), "Variable Star in Field of NGC 3432", IAU Circular, 7415: 1, Bibcode:2000IAUC.7415....1P.
  13. ^ Filippenko, A. V. (May 2000), Green, D. W. E. (ed.), "Supernova 2000ch in NGC 3432", IAU Circular, 7421: 3, Bibcode:2000IAUC.7421....3F.
  14. ^ Wagner, R. M.; et al. (April 2004), "Discovery and Evolution of an Unusual Luminous Variable Star in NGC 3432 (Supernova 2000ch)", The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 116 (818): 326–336, arXiv:astro-ph/0404035, Bibcode:2004PASP..116..326W, doi:10.1086/382997.
  15. ^ Pastorello, A.; et al. (October 2010), "Multiple major outbursts from a restless luminous blue variable in NGC 3432", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 408 (1): 181–198, arXiv:1006.0504, Bibcode:2010MNRAS.408..181P, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17142.x.
  16. ^ Müller, Ancla; et al. (February 2023), "Multi-epoch variability of AT 2000ch (SN 2000ch) in NGC 3432. A radio continuum and optical study", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 670, id. A130, arXiv:2211.15706, Bibcode:2023A&A...670A.130M, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142139.
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