Muhammad ibn Suri

**Muhammad ibn Suri**
Muhammad ibn Suri
Malik of the Ghurid dynasty
	Image of Muhammad (the white haired man) along with his men
Reign	10th-century – ; 1011
Predecessor	Amir Suri
Successor	Abu Ali ibn Muhammad
Born	Unknown; Ghurid Empire; (present-day Ghor, Afghanistan)
Died	c. 1011; Ghaznavid Empire (present-day Ghazni, Afghanistan)
Burial	Ghazna
Issue	Abu Ali ibn Muhammad; Shith ibn Muhammad
House	Ghurid dynasty
Father	Amir Suri

Muhammad ibn Suri (Persian: محمد بن سوری, died 1011) was the king of the Ghurid dynasty from the 10th-century to 1011. During his reign, he was defeated by the Ghaznavid emperor Mahmud of Ghazni and his domains were conquered. According to Minhaj-us-Siraj, Muhammad was captured by Mahmud of Ghazni, made prisoner along with his son, and taken to Ghazni, where Muhammad died by poisoning himself.^[1]^[2] Subsequently, the whole population of Ghuristan was taught the precepts of Islam and converted from Paganism to Islam.^[3] Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad of Ghor later overthrew the Ghaznavid Empire in 1186 and conquered their last capital at Lahore.

It is said that Muhammad was a great king and most of the territories of Ghor were in his possession. But as many of the inhabitants of Ghor of High and low degree had not yet embraced Islam, there was constant strife among them. The Saffarids came from Nimruz to Bust and Dawar, Ya'qub al-Saffar overpowered Lak-Lak, who was the chief of Takinabad, in the country of Rukhaj. The Ghorians sought the safety in Sara-sang and dwelt there in security but even among them hostilities constantly prevailed between the Muslims and the infidels. One castle was at war with another castle, and their feuds were unceasing; but owing to the inaccessibility of the mountains of Rasiat, which are in Ghor no foreigner was able to overcome them, and Muhammad was the head of all the Mandeshis.^[4]

History

The region was governed under a Malik named Amir Suri and the population was not yet converted to Islam.^[2]

His son Muhammad who was attacked by Mahmud of Ghazni is also stated in the Rauzat al Safa to still been a pagan despite his name, and Al Otbi calls him a Hindu. Mahmud took his stronghold in the year 400 (1009) and carried the chief into captivity, where he is said to have poisoned himself. His son Abu Ali ibn Muhammad was put in his place by Mahmud, no doubt had embraced Islam, and is said to have built Masjids. Nevertheless he was seized and imprisoned by his nephew Abbas ibn Shith, after Massud had succeeded to the throne of Ghazana.^[2]

Muhammad has also been referred to as Ibn I Suri,

It was also the last stronghold of an ancient religion professed by the inhabitants when all their neighbors had become Muhammadan. Mahmud of Ghazni defeated the prince of Ghor Ibn –I-Suri, and made him prisoner in a severely-contested engagement in the valley of Ahingaran. Ibn-I-Suri is called a Buddhist by the author, who has recorded his overthrow; it does not follow that he was one by religion or by race, but merely that he was not Muhammadan.^[5]

References

^ The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians by Eliot and Dowson, Volume 2 page 286
^ ^a ^b ^c [1] Page 161 from “E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913–1936”
^ Bosworth, C. Edmund (2001b). "Ghurids". Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, Vol. X, Fasc. 6. New York. pp. 586–590.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ The History of India as told by its own Historians by Eliot and Dowson, Volume 2 page 284
^ The Kingdom of Afghanistan: a historical sketch By George Passman Tate Edition: illustrated Published by Asian Educational Services, 2001 Page 12 ISBN 81-206-1586-7, ISBN 978-81-206-1586-1

Sources

C. Edmund, Bosworth (2001). "GHURIDS". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
Bosworth, C. E. (1968). "The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (A.D. 1000–1217)". In Frye, R. N. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Saljuq and Mongol periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–202. ISBN 0-521-06936-X.

Preceded by Amir Suri	Malik of the Ghurid dynasty 10th-century–1011	Succeeded by Abu Ali ibn Muhammad

[1] The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians by Eliot and Dowson, Volume 2 page 286

[s-2] [1] Page 161 from “E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913–1936”

[3] Bosworth, C. Edmund (2001b). "Ghurids". Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, Vol. X, Fasc. 6. New York. pp. 586–590.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[4] The History of India as told by its own Historians by Eliot and Dowson, Volume 2 page 284

[5] The Kingdom of Afghanistan: a historical sketch By George Passman Tate Edition: illustrated Published by Asian Educational Services, 2001 Page 12 ISBN 81-206-1586-7, ISBN 978-81-206-1586-1

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

v t e Ghurid dynasty
In Ghur (before 879–1215)	Amir Suri Muhammad ibn Suri Abu Ali ibn Muhammad Abbas ibn Shith Muhammad ibn Abbas Qutb al-din Hasan Izz al-Din Husayn Sayf al-Din Suri Baha al-Din Sam I Ala al-Din Husayn Sayf al-Din Muhammad Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad Muhammad of Ghor Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud Baha al-Din Sam III Ala al-Din Atsiz Ala al-Din Ali
In Ghazni (1151-1152 and 1173–1215)	Ala al-Din Husayn Muhammad of Ghor Ala al-Din Muhammad Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud Baha al-Din Sam III Ala al-Din Atsiz Ala al-Din Ali
In Bamiyan (1152–1215)	Fakhr al-Din Masud Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Masud Abbas ibn Muhammad Baha al-Din Sam II Jalal al-Din Ali
Minor domains	Ala al-Din Ali (Nishapur, 1200-1204) Taj al-Din Zangi (Sarakhs, 1200-1204)

History

See also

References

Sources