Muhammad Kwassau

Muhammad Kwassau was the last independent ruler of Zazzau prior to its incorporation into the British Empire. After attaining rule in 1897 by being elected, though under threat of armed conflict,^[1] he welcomed the British in 1900, and invited them more fully in 1901 to fight Kontagora raids,^[2] However, he was deposed by them in 1902, marking the end of Zazzau's independence.^[3]^[4]

References

^ Smith, Michael Garfield (1970). Government in Zazzau 1800-1950 (PDF). London: Oxford University Press for the International African Institute. pp. 196–200.
^ Umar, Muhammad Sani (2006). Islam and Colonialism: Responses of Muslims of Northern Nigeria. Leiden: Brill. p. 116. ISBN 9789004139466.
^ Hunwick, John O.; O'Fahey, Rex Séan, eds. (1994). Arabic Literature of Africa: The writings of central Sudanic Africa Vol.2. Volume 13. Leiden: Brill. p. 361. ISBN 9789004104945.
^ Gimba, Nathaniel B. L. (7 October 2017). "Bassawa Under Colonial Rule, 1903-1960". Academia.edu.

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[GiZ-1] Smith, Michael Garfield (1970). Government in Zazzau 1800-1950 (PDF). London: Oxford University Press for the International African Institute. pp. 196–200.

[2] Umar, Muhammad Sani (2006). Islam and Colonialism: Responses of Muslims of Northern Nigeria. Leiden: Brill. p. 116. ISBN 9789004139466.

[3] Hunwick, John O.; O'Fahey, Rex Séan, eds. (1994). Arabic Literature of Africa: The writings of central Sudanic Africa Vol.2. Volume 13. Leiden: Brill. p. 361. ISBN 9789004104945.

[4] Gimba, Nathaniel B. L. (7 October 2017). "Bassawa Under Colonial Rule, 1903-1960". Academia.edu.

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See also

References