Muensterellidae

Muensterellidae; Temporal range: Kimmeridgian–Campanian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Fossil of Muensterella scutellaris
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Cephalopoda
Order:	Octopoda
Suborder:	†Teudopseina
Superfamily:	†Muensterelloidea
Family:	†Muensterellidae ; Roger, 1952
Subgroups
	†Listroteuthis; †Muensterella (paraphyletic); †Enchoteuthinae †Enchoteuthis; †Tusoteuthis; †Niobrarateuthis;

Muensterellidae is a family of stem-octopod cephalopods from the Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous.

Phylogeny

Muensterellidae is one of two families in the superfamily Muensterelloidea along with the Patelloctopodidae. The muensterelloids are characterized by having a roughly spoon-shaped end of the gladius called the patella. This type of gladius is likely ancestral to the gladius remnants of modern octopuses.^[1]^[2]

References

^ Fuchs, D.; Schweigert, G. (2018). "First Middle–Late Jurassic gladius vestiges provide new evidence on the detailed origin of incirrate and cirrate octopuses (Coleoidea)". PalZ. 92 (2): 203–217. doi:10.1007/s12542-017-0399-8. S2CID 135245479.
^ Fuchs, Dirk; Iba, Yasuhiro; Heyng, Alexander; Iijima, Masaya; Klug, Christian; Larson, Neal L.; Schweigert, Günter (February 2020). Brayard, Arnaud (ed.). "The Muensterelloidea: phylogeny and character evolution of Mesozoic stem octopods". Papers in Palaeontology. 6 (1): 31–92. doi:10.1002/spp2.1254. ISSN 2056-2802. S2CID 198256507.

[1] Fuchs, D.; Schweigert, G. (2018). "First Middle–Late Jurassic gladius vestiges provide new evidence on the detailed origin of incirrate and cirrate octopuses (Coleoidea)". PalZ. 92 (2): 203–217. doi:10.1007/s12542-017-0399-8. S2CID 135245479.

[2] Fuchs, Dirk; Iba, Yasuhiro; Heyng, Alexander; Iijima, Masaya; Klug, Christian; Larson, Neal L.; Schweigert, Günter (February 2020). Brayard, Arnaud (ed.). "The Muensterelloidea: phylogeny and character evolution of Mesozoic stem octopods". Papers in Palaeontology. 6 (1): 31–92. doi:10.1002/spp2.1254. ISSN 2056-2802. S2CID 198256507.

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