Motobdella montezuma
| Motobdella montezuma | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Annelida |
| Clade: | Pleistoannelida |
| Clade: | Sedentaria |
| Class: | Clitellata |
| Subclass: | Hirudinea |
| Order: | Arhynchobdellida |
| Family: | Erpobdellidae |
| Genus: | Motobdella |
| Species: | M. montezuma
|
| Binomial name | |
| Motobdella montezuma (Davies, Singhal & Blinn, 1985) [1]
| |
| Synonyms [2] | |
|
Erpobdella montezuma Davies, Singhal & Blinn, 1985 | |
Motobdella montezuma is a species of leech which is only found in Montezuma Well, central Arizona, United States. It is a nocturnal pelagic predator that feeds almost exclusively on the endemic amphipod Hyalella montezuma, which it detects using passive sonar and swallows whole.
Description
[edit]Adults of M. montezuma may reach a length of 71 mm (2.8 in) including the suckers at the front and rear.[3]
Distribution
[edit]
Motobdella montezuma is closely related to the genus Erpobdella,[4] which includes species that are widespread across North America from Alaska to Mexico.[5] However, M. montezuma is only known to occur in a single pool, Montezuma Well, in the Montezuma Castle National Monument in Yavapai County, Arizona.[6]
Ecology
[edit]Montezuma Well, due to a high carbon dioxide level in the water, is unable to support a population of fish, leaving an ecological niche of predator-free open water. Although there are a number of species of invertebrates living in the well, the diet of M. montezuma consists almost entirely of the endemic amphipod Hyalella montezuma.[6]
Behavior
[edit]Motobdella montezuma is nocturnal, resting at the bottom of the well during the day, when predatory waterfowl are present.[7] As night falls, the leeches swim towards the surface and hunt amphipods near the surface; this is the only instance of a leech hunting in open water.[7] Prey are detected by passive sonar, and swallowed whole. This pattern of diel vertical migration by a leech is only known to occur in Montezuma Well.[7]
Life cycle
[edit]Like many other leeches, M. montezuma is hermaphroditic. Sexual reproduction results in two individuals fertilizing each other, and the resulting eggs are placed in a nutrient-filled cocoon. The cocoon is placed deep enough to avoid the attention of ducks and other predators, and the eggs hatch into self-sufficient juveniles.[7]
References
[edit]- ^ "Motobdella montezuma". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
- ^ "Erpobdellidae". Texas A&M University. Archived from the original on June 13, 2011. Retrieved April 19, 2010.
- ^ Fredric R. Govedich; Dean W. Blinn; Paul Keim; Ronald W. Davies (1998). "Phylogenetic relationships of three genera of Erpobdellidae (Hirudinoidea), with a description of a new genus, Motobdella, and species, Motobdella sedonensis". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 76 (12): 2164–2171. doi:10.1139/cjz-76-12-2164.
- ^ James H. Thorp & Alan P. Covich (2001). Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates (2nd ed.). Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-690647-9.
- ^ Roy T. Sawyer (1970). "Observations on the natural history and behavior of Erpobdella punctata (Leidy) (Annelida: Hirudinea)". American Midland Naturalist. 83 (1): 65–80. doi:10.2307/2424006. JSTOR 2424006.
- ^ a b Blinn, Dean W.; Davies, Ronald W. & Dehdashti, Behrooz (1987). "Specialized pelagic feeding by Erpobdella montezuma (Hirudinea)". Holarctic Ecology. 10 (3): 235–240. JSTOR 3682581.
- ^ a b c d Fredric R. Govedich & Bonnie A. Bain (2005). "All about the leeches of Montezuma Well" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved April 19, 2010.