Mirie it is while sumer ilast
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“Mirie it is while sumer ilast” (“Merry it is while summer ylast”) is a Middle English song from the first half of the 13th century. It is about the longing for summer in the face of the approaching cold weather. It is one of the oldest songs in the English language, and one of the few examples of non-liturgical music from medieval England.[1] The manuscript was found together with two old French songs in a book of Psalms in the Bodleian Library. It was rediscovered at the end of the 19th century and made accessible to experts in 1901. It was arranged and published in a modern form for the first time by Frank Llewellyn Harrison.[2]
The text and melody are incomplete on a single, damaged manuscript page, which, together with the somewhat ambiguous notation, makes it difficult to reconstruct the song in whole. It is unclear whether the song originally contained additional lines or stanzas, which Harrison considers probable,[3] nor can the final word be conclusively determined.[2] The author of the song is also unknown, although by its inclusion with two other French love songs pasted in a Book of Psalms, Nicholson proposes that the manuscript was written by lay chorister.[4] The context of the piece also may suggest the surviving leaf was originally included in a French chansonnier, suggesting an origin in the French tradition.[5]
History
[edit]Mirie it is while sumer ilast is only known from a single source. It is found on a parchment page together with two contemporary pieces of Old French music. It was subsequently incorporated as an endpaper in a book of Psalms from the second half of the 12th century. The book may have originally come from the Benedictine Abbey of Thorney near Peterborough in eastern England. This is indicated by the mention of Saints Benedict, Botolph and Æthelthryth in the litany contained in the Psalter. Botolph's bones were kept as a relic in Thorney, while Æthelthryth was considered the patron saint of the Isle of Ely. The book and the bound manuscript came into the holdings of the Bodleian Library at Oxford University in 1755 through the collection of the antiquarian Richard Rawlinson. There it is cataloged under the signature MS Rawlinson G. 22.
Localization and dating
[edit]At least the age of the manuscript can be deduced from other evidence. Neume notation, for example, was replaced by modal and mensural notation in England around the middle of the 13th century.Based on linguistic features, the manuscript with Mirie it is dated to the first half of the 13th century and is located in the dialect area of the Midlands. This localization is based, among other things.
Words
[edit][M]irie it is while sumer ilast
ƿið fugheles song.
oc nu necheð ƿindes blast
and ƿ[ed]er strong.
Ey ey ƿhat þis nicht [is] long.
And ich ƿið ƿel michel wrong
soregh and murne and [fast.]
Modern spelling
Merry it is while summer ylast
With fowl’s song.
Oc now nigheth wind’s blast
And weather strong.
Ay, ay! What this night is long.
And I with well mickle wrong
Sorrow and mourn and fast.[6]
Melody
[edit]
See also
[edit]- Sumer is icumen in, another 13th century medieval English song on a related theme.
References
[edit]- ^ Karl Reichl, Die Anfänge der mittelenglischen weltlichen Lyrik: Text, Musik, Kontext, Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn, 2005.
- ^ a b "Mirie it is while sumer ilast: Decoding the earliest surviving secular song in English (Revised and updated)". 24 August 2018.
- ^ A. I. Doyle, Late-medieval Religious Texts and Their Transmission, p. 59.
- ^ E. W. B. Nicholson, Introduction, in J. F. R. Stainer, C. Stainer, Early Bodleian Music: Sacred and Secular Songs together with other MS. Compositions in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, ranging from about A.D. 1185 to about A.D. 1505. I: Facsimiles, Gregg, Farnborough 1967, p. xi.
- ^ F. Ll. Harrison, Medieval English Songs, Faber, London,1979, p. 297.
- ^ a b "Medieval Lyrics - Faculty Home Pages".
- ^ "Mirie it is - Merry it is (Middle English Lyric)".
- ^ J. F. R. Stainer, C. Stainer, Early Bodleian Music: Sacred and Secular Songs together with other MS. Compositions in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, ranging from about A.D. 1185 to about A.D. 1505. I: Facsimiles, Gregg, Farnborough 1967.