Milton Rokeach

Milton Rokeach (born in Hrubieszów as Mendel Rokicz, December 27, 1918 – October 25, 1988) was a Polish-born American social psychologist. He taught at Michigan State University, the University of Western Ontario, Washington State University, and the University of Southern California. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Rokeach as the 85th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.

Early life

Born to Jewish parents in Hrubieszów, Poland, Rokeach emigrated to the United States with his parents at age seven. After graduating from Brooklyn College, he received his Ph.D degree from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1947.

Contributions to psychology

From 1959 to 1961 at the Ypsilanti State Hospital, Rokeach conducted a well-known experiment in which was observed the interactions of three mentally ill patients, each believing they were Jesus Christ. A case study titled The Three Christs of Ypsilanti was written about the experiment, and was subsequently adapted into a screenplay, a stage play, two operas and a movie.

In addition, Rokeach conducted a mid-20th–century study in America's south, with the goal of determining a basis for racial prejudice. He found racial prejudice to be inversely related to socio-economic status, and thus concluded that such bias is used in an attempt to elevate one's own status.

In the final years of his career Rokeach wrote The Nature of Human Values (1973), which served as the test manual for the "Rokeach Value Survey" (see values scales). In the book, he posited that a relatively small set of "terminal human values" form the internal reference points that all people use to formulate attitudes and opinions. Furthermore, by measuring the "relative ranking" of these values, one could predict a wide variety of behaviors, including political affiliation and religious belief. This theory led to a series of experiments in which changes in values led to measurable changes in behaviors.

Personal life

In 1969, Rokeach married sociologist Sandra Ball-Rokeach.

Awards

In 1984, Rokeach received the Kurt Lewin Memorial Award of the American Psychological Association. In 1988, he received the Harold Lasswell Award of the International Society of Political Psychology.

Bibliography

• The Open and Closed Mind (1960)
• The Three Christs of Ypsilanti Google Books Link (1964)
• Beliefs, Attitudes, and Values: A Theory of Organization and Change (1968)
• The Nature of Human Values (1973)
• Understanding Human Values: Individual and Societal (1979)
• (with Sandra Ball-Rokeach and Joel W. Grube) The Great American Values Test: Influencing Behavior and Belief Through Television (1984)

See also

• Belief congruence