Michael Hill (activist)
Michael Hill | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Hill at the Unite the Right rally in 2017 | |
| Born | J. Michael Hill 1951 (age 72–73) Killen, Alabama |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | University of Alabama |
| Occupation(s) | Political activist and former university professor[1][2] |
| Organization | League of the South |
Michael Hill (born 1951) is an American former university professor and political activist from Alabama. He is a co-founder and the president of the "Southern secession" movement the League of the South, an organization whose stated goal is to create an independent country made up of the former states of the American South.
Early life and education
[edit]Hill was born in 1951 in Killen, Alabama. He studied history at the University of Alabama and obtained his PhD in 1985.
Career
[edit]Hill taught British history at University of Alabama and at Stillman College, a historically black college in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, for 18 years until 1998. Building on the views of his mentors at the University of Alabama, he published two books on the Celts,[2][3][4] romanticizing the "Celtic" soldier.[5]
In 1994, Hill co-founded the League of the South, a pro-Southern secession organization,[2] with Rev. J. Steven Wilkins of Auburn Avenue Presbyterian Church in Monroe, Louisiana and 39 other Neo-Confederates.[3] The Southern Poverty Law Center considers the League of the South to be a hate group.[6] In 1995, Hill established a chapter of the League of the South on the campus of his alma mater, the University of Alabama.[2] With Thomas Fleming, Hill co-authored an article entitled "New Dixie Manifesto" in The Washington Post in June 1995.[3]
The League of the South venerates what it calls the South's "Celtic" heritage, advocating a version of racist pseudohistory in which (white) southerners are alleged to descend from Scottish and Irish immigrants and the "liberal" north is alleged to descend primarily from English immigrants. Michael Hill's speeches make frequent reference to the movie Braveheart, and he often states that a war between the "Celtic" south and the English north is "inevitable".[7] In an Abbeville, South Carolina speech he asked the crowd "What would it take to get you to fight? … What would it take to turn you into a William Wallace?" in reference to the central figure from the movie Braveheart. His supporters also support and glamorize groups like the IRA and the Scottish National Party.[8]
The notion that the South is "Celtic" and the North is "English" has been dismissed by scholars on numerous grounds.[8]: 112 It both provides a justification for the civil war that is based on a pseudoscientific racial determinism and which also does not include the southern states explicitly seceding for the sake of preserving slavery. Furthermore it has been pointed out[8]: 112 that proponents of the theory define numerous parts of southern and central England as "Celtic", in order to make the numbers work, and it ignores the fact that even amongst the working classes immigrants from Scotland and Ireland were massively outnumbered in the south by English indentured servants by a collective margin of roughly 5:1 (with groups like the Scots-Irish not being the largest immigrant group at this time as Hill and his group claim, but rather they are the largest non-English group)[9] and that in the 1980 census when people were asked what their ancestry or ethnicity was, a large majority of southerners self-identified as being of English ancestry.[10]
Hill tried to revive the Southern Party in 2003.[2] A decade later, in 2013, Hill promoted "opposition to immigration and same-sex marriage".[2]
Sines v. Kessler
[edit]In October 2017, Hill was named as a defendant in a case brought by nine Charlottesville residents following the Unite the Right rally in August 2017.[11] The trial was originally scheduled for late 2020, but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[12] The trial began on October 25, 2021, and the jury reached a verdict on November 23. Hill was found liable on one count of civil conspiracy under Virginia state law and was ordered to pay $500,000 in damages.[13][14]
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ Simpson, Brooks D. (July 7, 2015). "The League of the South Tells Rainbow Confederates to Shape Up or Ship Out". Crossroads. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f "Michael Hill". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved October 7, 2015.
- ^ a b c Atkins, Steven A. (2011). Encyclopedia of Right-Wing Extremism In Modern American History. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 166. ISBN 9781598843514. OCLC 763156200.
- ^ Shackel, Paul A. (2003). Memory in Black and White: Race, Commemoration, and the Post-bellum Landscape. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman Altamira. p. 185. ISBN 0759102627. OCLC 470393322.
- ^ Pittock, Murray (1999). Celtic Identity and the British Image. Manchester University Press. ISBN 9780719058264.
- ^ "League of the South". Southern Poverty Laws Center. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
- ^ "League of the South Rhetoric Turns to Arms".
- ^ a b c Hague, Euan; Beirich, Heidi; H. Sebesta, Edward, eds. (2010). Neo-confederacy : a critical introduction. Austin, Tex.: University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292721623.
- ^ A People and a nation: a history of the United States, Volume 1 by Mary Beth Norton, 1986. Pg. 74
- ^ "Table 3a: Persons who reported from a single ancestry group for regions, divisions, and states: 1980" (PDF). US Census. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 July 2020.
- ^ Sines v. Kessler (W.D. Va.), Text.
- ^ Sargent, Hilary (September 21, 2020). "How Christopher Cantwell crumbled". The Informant. Archived from the original on September 22, 2020. Retrieved September 21, 2020.
- ^ Moors, Macy (November 23, 2021). "Millions in damages awarded following partial Sines v. Kessler verdict". CBS19 News Charlottesville. Retrieved November 23, 2021.
- ^ Lavoie, Denise (November 23, 2021). "Jury awards millions in damages for Unite the Right violence". AP News. Retrieved November 23, 2021.