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Medellín Metro

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Medellín Metro
Logo of Medellín Metro
Logo of Medellín Metro
Train arriving at Poblado station
Train arriving at Poblado station
Overview
OwnerDepartment of Antioquia, Medellín City
Area served
LocaleMetropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley, Antioquia, Colombia
Transit typeRapid transit
Number of lines2[1]
Line numberLine A Line B (Metro) Línea H (Logo Metro de Medellín) Línea J (Logo Metro de Medellín) Línea K (Logo Metro de Medellín) Línea L (Logo Metro de Medellín) Linea M (Logo Metro Medellin) Línea P (Logo Metro de Medellín) (Metrocable) Línea T-A (Logo Metro de Medellín) (Tramway) Linea L1 (Logo Metro Medellin) Linea L2 (Logo Metro Medellin) Línea O Metro de Medellín (Metroplús BRT)
Number of stations27[2]
Annual ridership224.1 million (2023)[3]
WebsiteMedellín Metro
Operation
Began operation30 November 1995[4]
Operator(s)Metro de Medellín
CharacterAt-grade and elevated
Number of vehicles80 trains (3 cars per train)[2]
Technical
System length31.3 km (19.4 mi)[2]
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification1,500 V DC overhead

The Medellín Metro (Spanish: Metro de Medellín) is a rapid transit system that crosses the Metropolitan Area of Medellín from North to South and from Centre to West. It first opened for service on 30 November 1995.[4] As one of the first implementations of modern mass transportation in Colombia and the only metro system in the country, the Medellín Metro is a product of the urban planning of the Antioquia department of Colombia. It is part of the Aburrá Valley Integrated Transport System (Sistema Integrado de Transporte del Valle de Aburrá, SITVA).

The city of Medellín and its urban complex (ten cities in the Aburrá Valley) had a period of relatively recent industrial development that started in the 1930s. The streetcar (tranvía) at the beginning of the 20th century can be considered a predecessor of the current Medellín Metro. The company known in Spanish as Empresa de Transporte Masivo del Valle de Aburrá - Metro de Medellín Ltda was created on 31 May 1979.[4]

History

[edit]
Train of Line B.

The railway history of Colombia and Antioquia has not been indifferent to the industrialization process that started at the end of the 19th century and that only has been restrained by the social and political conflicts of this South American nation.

The Antioquia Department, and the Paisa Region in general, owe their progress to the construction of railways that put them in direct contact with the rest of the country (especially with Bogotá, Cali and the Colombian Caribbean Littoral).

Although the famous Antioquia Railway came to a decline and is now only remembered by the so-called towns of the train, an urban railway system received the attention of the region. In the same way Antioquia's Railways had a century ago, the Medellín Metro became an important social, cultural and development axis in one of the most important cities of Colombia and South America.

The city's speedy urban growth, especially since the 1960s, has filled the entire Aburrá Valley and made towns touch its borders: Bello, Copacabana, Girardota, Barbosa, Envigado, Itagüí, San Antonio de Prado, La Estrella, Sabaneta and Caldas, among others. With the growth of the city placing Medellín among the most economically important cities in the nation, local leaders were compelled to view the city as a complex, urban system comparable to other industrialized cities in the world, rather than as a provincial town.

In the same sense, Medellín and its Metropolitan Area had to face the appearance of cartels during the 1970s, which produced serious problems of urban violence exacerbated by speedy urban growth and slow answers to the needs of the surrounding communities. The city grew due to big waves of migrants coming from the Colombian countryside looking for refuge from internal political conflict. This background explains why the young city would face urban violence with the same intensity as large metropolitan areas such as New York City, Mexico City or Rio de Janeiro and why the city had to create urban projects in answer to its conflicts and growth. The Medellín Metro was created not only as a massive urban transport solution for the working class residents of the city, but also as an important cultural symbol that would help develop marginalized sectors.[citation needed] The Metro would change the concept of public space in a city built for business and factories that had the systematic issue of lacking space for things like tourism.

As a company, the Medellín Metro was created for the administration and operation of the Metro system. It was founded with the association of the Medellín Municipality and the Antioquia Government. In 1979, research on economic and technical possibilities began, performed by the company Mott, Hay and Anderson Ltd.

In 1980 the project was presented to the National Government, and in 1982 it was approved by the National Council of Economic and Social Policies. It also gave the company an external contract of 100% of the required resources for the work. In 1984 the company subcontracted German and Spanish firms.

On 30 November 1995,[2][4] 11:00 (local time), the first journey between Niquía and Poblado Stations began. The first phase of the metro network was completed in 1996.

The citizens soon welcomed the new service, and the social and cultural impact was significant. The Medellín Metro soon became a symbol of the city (it was the first, and still the only, rail-based Metro system in Colombia) which encouraged tourism and new business growth in areas of the city. There were visitors first from other regions and cities of Colombia and afterwards from abroad. Importantly, the metro bridged previously disparate poor urban and wealthy urban areas. The Metro passes through districts with widely varied socio-economic compositions. For example, it passes through both "Lovaina" and "Poblado".

Commuters also saw a vast improvement in transit times. For example, a two-hour bus trip from Bello to Envigado requires only 30 minutes on the Metro.

Network

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Berrío Park station

The Medellín Metro currently comprises two lines: Line A, which is 25.8 kilometres (16.0 mi) long and serves 21 stations, and Line B, which is 5.5 kilometres (3.4 mi) long and serves 6 stations (plus San Antonio station, the transfer station with Line A). There is also a tram line: Line T-A (Ayacucho Tram).[2][5]

Additionally, the aerial cable car system, Metrocable, which supplements the Metro system, comprises five lines: Line J with 3 stations (plus one transfer station with Metro Line B),[1][2] Line K with 3 stations (plus one transfer station with Line L),[2][5] Line L with one station (plus one transfer station with Line K), Line H with two stations (plus one transfer station with Line T-A), Line M with two stations (plus one transfer station with Line T-A) and Line P with three stations (plus one transfer station with Line A).[5]

As of 2019, there are 27 Metro stations, 18 Metrocable stations, 3 Tramway stations (+ 6 stops), 20 BRT stations (+ 8 feeding buses stops) in the Medellín network, all listed in the following table; for a total of approx. 79 stations (14 stops); transfer stations are in bold, and the transfer station between Metro Lines A and B is shown in bold-italic:

Name Stations Date of opening/Start of commercial service Fleet Commercial speed Capacity (per vehicle) Capacity (passengers/time-direction) Time of travel for one journey Top frequency (rush hour)
Metro services

Line A

North to South
25.8 km (16.0 mi)[2]
21 stations[5]

November 30, 1995 80 three-car trains; for a total of 240 cars 40 km/h (25 mph); max. speed 80 km/h (50 mph) 300 users per car 41,480 42 minutes 3 minutes

Line B
Center to West
5.5 km (3.4 mi)[2]
7 stations[5]

February 29, 1996 16,231 10.5 minutes 3:50 minutes
Metrocable services

Line K
North to Northeast
2.07 km (1.29 mi)[2]
4 stations[5]

August 7, 2004 93 gondolas 18 km/h (11 mph) 8 users seated, 2 standing; for a total of 10 users per gondola 3,000 9 minutes 0:12 minutes

Line J
West to North
2.7 km (1.7 mi)[2]
4 stations[5]

March 3, 2008 119 gondolas 12 minutes

Line L
Northeast to far Northeast
4.8 km (3.0 mi)[2]
2 stations[5]

February 9, 2010 55 gondolas 1,200 15 minutes 0:14 minutes

Line H
East to far Northeast
1.4 km (0.87 mi)[2]
3 stations[5]

  • Oriente
  • Las Torres
  • Villa Sierra
 December 17, 2016 44 gondolas 1,800 5 minutes 0:13 minutes

Line M
East to Northeast
1.05 km (0.65 mi)[2]
3 stations[5]

  • Miraflores
  • El Pinal
  • Trece de Noviembre
 February 28, 2019 49 gondolas 2,500 4 minutes 0:09 minutes

Line P

West to Northwest

2.7 km (1.7 mi)[2]

4 stations[5]

  • Acevedo
  • SENA
  • Doce de Octubre
  • El Progreso
 June 10, 2021 138 gondolas 19 km/h (12 mph) 10 users seated, 2 standing; for a total of 12 users per gondola 4,000 10 minutes 0:11 minutes
BRT services

Line 1
West to Northeast
12.5 km (7.8 mi)[2]
20 stations[5]

  • U. de M.
  • Los Alpes
  • La Palma
  • Parque Belén
  • Rosales
  • Fátima
  • Nutibara
  • Industriales
  • Plaza Mayor
  • Cisneros
  • Minorista
  • Chagualo
  • U. de A.
  • Hospital
  • Palos Verdes
  • Gardel
  • Manrique
  • Las Esmeraldas
  • Berlín
  • Parque Aranjuez
December 22, 2011 30 buses (fueled by GNV), 1 electric bus; for a total of 31 articulated buses 16 km/h (9.9 mph); max. speed 60 km/h (37 mph) 154 users per bus 3,270 45 minutes 2:45 minutes

Line 2
West to Northeast
13.5 km (8.4 mi)[2]
20 stations + 1 stops[5]

  • U. de M. (station)
  • Los Alpes (station)
  • La Palma (station)
  • Parque Belén (station)
  • Rosales (station)
  • Fátima (station)
  • Nutibara (station)
  • Industriales (station)
  • Barrio Colombia
  • San Diego
  • Barrio Colón
  • San José
  • La Playa
  • Catedral Metropolitana
  • Palos Verdes (station)
  • Gardel (station)
  • Manrique (station)
  • Las Esmeraldas (station)
  • Berlín (station)
  • Parque Aranjuez (station)
 April 22, 2013 47 feeder buses (fueled by GNV)

64 feeder buses (electric)

13 km/h (8.1 mph); max. speed 60 km/h (37 mph) 90 users per bus 1,417 52 minutes 4:17 minutes

Line O

9 km (5.6 mi)[2]

14 stops[5]

  • Caribe
  • Universal
  • Córdoba
  • Pilarica
  • Ciudadela Universitaria
  • Facultad de Minas
  • Los Colores
  • Calasanz
  • Floresta
  • Los Pinos
  • Laureles
  • Santa Gema
  • Villa de Aburrá
  • La Palma
November 30, 2019 80 users per bus 800 45 minutes 6:00 minutes
Tram services

Line T
Center to East
4.2 km (2.6 mi)[2]
3 stations + 6 stops[5]

  • San Antonio (station)
  • San José
  • Pabellón del Agua
  • Bicentenario
  • Buenos Aires
  • Miraflores (station)
  • Loyola
  • Alejandro Echavarría
  • Oriente (station)
 March 31, 2016 12 tramway vehicles 19 km/h (12 mph); max. speed 70 km/h (43 mph) 300 users per tram 3,807 19 minutes 4:44 minutes
Total
85.12 km (52.89 mi) 45 stations

26 stops

42 bus stops

240 cars

498 gondolas

31 articulated buses

111 feeding buses

12 trams

82,502

Expansions

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Metrocable

[edit]
Line H of the Metrocable

On 7 August 2004,[4] the city inaugurated a new line known as "Metro Cable" (Line K). The line starts in the Acevedo Station and goes to the up hill district of Santo Domingo Savio.[6] This important addition integrated new additions to the city that since the 1960s that previously were not considered part of the "real city".

Line K (Metrocable) of the Metro de Medellín.

On 3 March 2008,[4] a second "Metro Cable" line (Line J) was inaugurated. The line starts in the San Javier Station and goes through Juan XXIII and Vallejuelos to the La Aurora district.[6] This new line benefits approximately 150,000 new users.

A new Metrocable line (line L) was inaugurated in 2009[4] with a transfer station at Santo Domingo Savio Station. This line continues further uphill to El Tambo[6] in Arví park near Guarne. The reason for constructing this line is because the city wants to promote tourism in the rural area near Lake Guarne. It takes 14 minutes to ascend to El Tambo and there are no intermediate stations.

Line A extension

[edit]

Line A was expanded from Itagüí to La Estrella, in the south of the metropolitan area. A new intermediate station, Sabaneta, built near 67th South Street, was opened on 5 August 2012[7] and the final station, La Estrella, was built near 77th South Street and opened on 17 September 2012.[8]

Train line

[edit]

In February 2020 it was announced that Medellín will reactivate the train line between Bello and Caldas.[9]

Rolling stock

[edit]
Arturito at Berrío Park station.

Initially, there were 42 three-car train sets built by the manufacturer MAN, however, in 2009, the Medellín Metro signed a contract with Spanish manufacturer CAF for 12 three-car train sets that were delivered between that year and 2011. In 2017, the Medellín Metro purchased another set of 26 CAF trains to complement their fleet, with 38 CAF trains in total, and 80 trains with both the MAN and CAF fleet. [10][11]

  • MAN Train
    MAN Train
  • CAF Train
    CAF Train

Network map

[edit]

Map


See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Mapa esquemático" [Schematic map] (pdf) (in Spanish). Metro de Medellín. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "Datos del sistema" [METRO facts] (jpg) (in Spanish). Metro de Medellín. Archived from the original on 11 March 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  3. ^ "Boletín Técnico Encuesta de Transporte Urbano de Pasajeros (ETUP) IV trimestre de 2023". p. 15.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g "Historia" [History] (in Spanish). Metro de Medellín. 4 January 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Mapa Esquematico 2021". Metro de Medellín. 15 January 2022.
  6. ^ a b c "Metrocable - Metrocable Lines". Metro de Medellín. 15 November 2013. Archived from the original on 2015-06-10. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
  7. ^ "ESTE DOMINGO 5 DE AGOSTO INICIA LA OPERACIÓN COMERCIAL HASTA LA NUEVA ESTACIÓN SABANETA" (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 January 2013.
  8. ^ "ESTE LUNES 17 DE SEPTIEMBRE EL METRO INAUGURARÁ LA EXTENSIÓN AL SUR" (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 January 2013.
  9. ^ El Colombiano. "Antioquia definió el primer tramo para reactivar su ferrocarril". Retrieved 22 February 2020.
  10. ^ "Medellín orders CAF metro trains". Railway Gazette International. 4 December 2009. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  11. ^ "Medellín metro orders more CAF cars". Railway Gazette International. 5 July 2015. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
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