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Bogotá Metro

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the city's metropolitan area, see Metropolitan Area of Bogotá.
Bogotá Metro
Overview
Native nameMetro de Bogotá
OwnerBogotá City Hall
TransMilenio
IDU
ERU
Area servedBogotá and Cundinamarca metropolitan region
LocaleBogotá, Colombia
Transit typeRapid transit Metro
Number of lines1 (planned)[1]
Number of stations16 (planned)[1]
HeadquartersCarrera 9 # 76-49, Floors 3-4 Bogotá, Colombia
Websitewww.metrodebogota.gov.co
Operation
Operation will startMarch 2028 (projected)[2]
Operator(s)Metro Línea 1 S.A.S.
CharacterElevated
Number of vehicles30
Train length7
Headway3 min
Technical
System length24 km (15 mi) (planned)[1]
No. of tracks2
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) (standard gauge)
Average speed43 km/h (27 mph)
System map

Legend
 Calle 72 L1
Calle 63
Calle 45
Estación Central
Avenida Jiménez
Hospital
Carrera 24
SENA
Carrera 50
Avenida 68
Avenida Boyacá
Kennedy
Timiza
Carrera 80
Portal de las Américas
Gibraltar L1
Patio Taller Metro

The Bogotá Metro (Spanish: Metro de Bogotá) is a rapid transit project under construction in Bogotá, Colombia, it is projected to be in operation in 2028.[1] Construction started in October 2020.[3]

History

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Early proposals

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The construction of the Metro de Bogotá has been the subject of debates and studies since the 1940s when the collapse of the Bogotá Tramways made the need for a modern form of mass transport for the fast-growing metropolis evident. It has been suggested that the track routes of the defunct Bogotá Savannah Railway be utilized for the city's new metro system. Currently Bogotá has no rail service and its public transport system relies on the bus rapid transit system TransMilenio.

General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla began the process of contracting the studies of the metro with NYCTA. However, due to the coup that deposed his government, the project stagnated. In 1955, the city's government opted for bus-based transportation.

In 1981, Fedesarrollo performed a series of studies to estimate the cost of five lines. The project consisted of a 92 Km "main" line, with a construction period of five years for the first line, and an average cost of USD $797 millions. Nevertheless, due to the possibility of the 1986 World Cup being held in Colombia, the Armero tragedy and the Palace of Justice siege, the project was archived.

In 1987, six countries proposed alternatives to build the metro. In 1988, during Virgilio Barco's city government, it was announced that negotiations to construct the metro were being held with the Italian firm Intermetro.[4]

1990-2000: early planning

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In 1990, the city government and the national government agreed on the technical and juridical aspects of the metro, however a consensus about the financing method was not reached. More than thirty options to finance the system, including a tax on gas.[5] Due to these difficulties and the economical and social instability of the country at that time, the project was postponed indefinitely.

In 1991, Jaime Castro created the Metro de Bogotá company, he contracted feasibility, financing and construction studies.

In 1996, the mayor Antanas Mockus along with JICA released the Santafé de Bogotá's Transportation Plan.[6]

In 1996, the Law 336: National Transportation Statute was proclaimed. This law, commonly called "the metro law", mandates that the national government must contribute to the construction of a metropolitan rail system in Bogotá.[7]

During 1996 and 1997, the National Planning Department (DNP) hired Fedesarrollo to define the financial and institutional strategy of the Sistema Integrado de Transporte Masivo (SITM - Mass Transit Integrated System) and the first metro line. The national government had already promised to cover 70% of the total cost, however the amount presented by Fedesarrollo was considered "too high".

In 1999, Colombia's economy went through a recession, which cut most of the funds destined for investing. Additionally, the crisis of the Social Security Institute (ISS) caused the government to invest heavily on it, to prevent the collapse. Since the government could not use the ISS's reserves to cover the deficits, it was forced to search for private investing, therefore impacting interest rates. This caused the metro to be postponed again, since Bogotá was in need of a mass transit system after the collapse of the tramways and trolleybuses, a BRT system (Transmilenio) was constructed.[8]

2000s

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After the inauguration of the BRT, the metro project did not progress and was commonly used as a political tool to catch voters in local elections.

In 2007, Bogotá City Council approved the budget for year 2008, including the amount to begin with feasibility studies. A week after, the president Álvaro Uribe backed the initiative to build the metro with some conditions: Phase III of Transmilenio must be continued as prevised, and that the metro should be auto-sustainable.[9][10]

On March 19, 2008, the public tender for the design of the metro was published by Bogotá's city hall. Initially, 56 firms from 27 countries submitted their request.[11] The number decreased to only six in may, and from these, only three complied with the requisites in order to ask funding from the World Bank: Ineco-Metro de Madrid, Davies and Gleave (United Kingdom) and Sener-Transporte Metropolitano de Barcelona, which won the contract.[12] The selected consortium had a one-year term (until June 2009), to determine the outline of the first line, ticket fare, construction cost and the amount that the district and national government would have to pay; construction would start in the second half of 2011. The first line outline must, also, include transfers between the regular buses, BRT and the Bogotá's Savannah commuter rail.[13]

The first delays occurred when Sener-Transporte Metropolitano de Barcelona, after receiving COP $19 600 million (USD $9.9 million) from the city government, stated that the studies would not be finished before July 20, 2009. The company was granted three extensions to the original term.[14][15] The DNP stated that the solution of technical problems was mandatory in order to receive national government funding.[16]

Outline of the 2009 design.

On August 19, 2009, Sener-Transporte Metropolitano de Barcelona (TMB), determined four routes for the metro: Calle 127 from Carrera 7 to Boyacá Av. in Usaquén district, going southwards through Boyacá Av. until Caracas Av., in Usme district; Primero de Mayo Av.; 68 Av. and; Carrera 13.[17][18] The city mayor, Samuel Moreno, had previously proposed that the first line should go from Kennedy district, through Ferrocarril Av. until the Sabana Station, from there to downtown Bogotá through Calle 13, then northwards through Carrrera 7, and finally, westwards through Calle 72 until Engativá district.[19]

A week after, mayor Moreno and president Uribe revealed officially the metro project: A subway beginning at Portal Américas, through Villavicencio Av., Primero de Mayo Av., Ferrocarril del Sur Av., Calle 22, Colon Av., Carrera 7, Carrera 13 and Carrera 11 until Calle 127.[20] The cost of the first line was COP $13,9 billion pesos (USD $3.9 million). It consisted of 27 Km., 20 of them underground. The final cost would be financed 70% by the national government, and also with future earnings of the metro.[21] The cost differs from other similar projects, such as the Quito Metro in Ecuador due to Bogotá's complex soil.[22]

In September 2009, Bogotá's mayor Samuel Moreno, announced that the system might be in operation by 2016.[23]

2010s

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In 2010, fiscal troubles besieged the city during Moreno's tenure and critics condemning Moreno's "improvisation" in the contracts arose from the congress.[24] Moreno was arrested for improprieties in the appropriation of city contracts for public works projects, this was part of the Carrusel de la Contratación scandal.[25] This threw the fiscal feasibility of the Metro project into doubt and the project was paralyzed. As of 2011, the administration of the new mayor Gustavo Petro announced that it would push for construction to start in 2013, he also stated that the metro should go to the northwestern Suba District, the most populous in the city.[26]

On May 5, 2013, mayor Petro announced the "final agreement" for the construction of the metro.[27] That agreement would validate the previous studies and the construction would begin in 2014.[28] Four days after, he signed the final studies for the project. These would be finished 15 months after this date, in September 2014.[28][29]

On October 7, 2014, Petro presented the final studies for the underground metro.[30] The estimated cost was COP $15 billion (about USD $7 million), more expensive than the 2009 project.[31] The estimated inauguration date was 2021. However he could not finish the project before his term in office finished.[32]

Current Project

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2010s

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In 2016, Enrique Peñalosa was elected mayor. On April 4, he announced the design of the stations of the new project. His proposal was an elevated metro, less expensive than the previous metro. On April 25, the city council approved the creation of the Metro de Bogotá company, 70% of the Board Directors will be appointed by the national government and 30% by the local government, it also will have independence from the local government.[33]

On September 17, 2016, mayor Peñalosa and president Juan Manuel Santos presented the definitive outline of the project: from Portal Américas until Calle 127. It was announced that the metro would be constructed in three phases: first, from Portal Américas through Villavicencio Av., Primero de Mayo Av., NQS Av., Calle 1 until Caracas Av.; the second phase would go through Caracas Av. from Calle 1 up to Calle 72; and the third phase would go from Calle 72 up to Calle 127.

In January 2017, president Santos signed the CONPES document that would set the financing of the project.[34][35] In November, the co-financing agreement was approved by the Superior Council of Fiscal Politics (CONFIS).[36][37]

In October 2018, the requisites to participate in the public tender for the metro were published.[38] In November, 102 interested companies assisted to the audience for the requisites in order to participate in the tender.[39][40]

In February 2019, seven consortia sent their proposals for the public tender.[41] In June 28, Mayor Peñalosa and president Iván Duque opened the public tender.[42][43] On the last days of the next month, the public tender for the audit was released.[44] In August 2019, five consortia were pre-selected after publishing their requisites.[45] On October 3, the tender closed and only two firms turned in their proposals: Metro de Bogotá, mostly composed of Mexican capital, and «APCA Transmimetro» composed of Chinese capital.[46] Finally, on October 16, 2019, «APCA Transmimetro» was selected. This consortium was conformed by China Harbour Engineering Company with an 85% share and Xi‘An Metro Company with a 15% share.[47] On November 27, 2019, the Metro de Bogotá company and «Metro Línea 1 S.A.S» (APCA) signed the USD $4.3 billion contract to design, build, operate and maintain Line 1 of the Bogotá Metro.[48]

2020s

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On January 27, 2020, Bogotá's mayor Claudia López announced studies with Findeter to extend the line up to Calle 100, in order to connect it with TransMilenio.[49]

In August 2020, the audit consortium was selected.[50]

In October 2020, an order was placed with CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles for 30 driverless trains for the system.[51] On October 20, the beginning of the contract was signed.[52]

In December 2020, the city hall announced the second line of the metro: from Calle 72 station, westwards through Calle 72, Cali Av., Suba Av. and ALO Av. ending in Suba district.[53]

In 2022, president Petro, former mayor of Bogotá, asks China consortium in charge of the project to evaluate changes from an elevated to an underground construction while contract was already advancing. In January 2023 alternatives were presented with a recommendation of no changes on initial design of Line 1 and only extending 3.9 km this line. President Petro insists on underground options for the main portion of line 1. Proposed changes, if accepted, are estimated in greater costs and important delays.[54][55]

Line 1

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Station Name Address Transfer
Gibraltar Av. Villavicencio between Carrera 93 and Carrera 94

Gibraltar, Kennedy

Portal de las Américas Av. Villavicencio between Carrera 86B and Carrera 86G

Las Margaritas, Kennedy

Carrera 80 Av. Villavicencio between Carrera 80D and Carrera 80G

Britalia, Kennedy

Timiza Av. Primero de Mayo between Calle 42C Sur and Calle 42 Sur

Timiza, Kennedy

Kennedy Av. Primero de Mayo between Calle 40 Sur and Calle 39 Sur

Ciudad Kennedy, Kennedy

Avenida Boyacá Av. Primero de Mayo between Av. Boyacá and Carrera 72C

Carimagua, Kennedy

Avenida 68 Av. Primero de Mayo between Carrera 68 and Carrera 52C

Tejar, Puente Aranda

Carrera 50 Av. Primero de Mayo with Carrera 50

Ciudad Montes, Puente Aranda

SENA Av. NQS between Calle 17A Sur and Diagonal 16 Sur

La Fragua, Antonio Nariño

Carrera 24 Calle 1 between 24C and Carrera 24

El Vergel, Los Mártires

Hospital Av. Caracas between Calle 2 and Calle 3

Eduardo Santos, Los Mártires

Avenida Jiménez Av. Caracas between Calle 11 and Calle 13

San Victorino, Santa Fe

Estación Central Av. Caracas between Calle 24A and Calle 26

Santa Fe, Santa Fe

Calle 45 Av. Caracas between Calle 42 and Calle 44

Marly, Chapinero

Calle 63 Av. Caracas between Calle 61 and Calle 63

Lourdes, Chapinero

Calle 72 Av. Caracas between Calle 72 and Calle 74

La Porciúncula, Chapinero

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d "¿Cómo va el metro en Bogotá? - En septiembre se entregarán los resultados de los estudios de ingeniería avanzada. Después se abrirá licitación para la construcción" [How goes the subway in Bogotá? - In September the results of the advanced engineering studies would be given, and construction bidding would open.]. Semana (in Spanish). March 26, 2014. Retrieved 2014-07-26.
  2. ^ "Claudia López: Metro de Bogotá estaría listo sólo hasta 2028". 29 February 2020.
  3. ^ "Construction of the First Line of the Bogotá Metro begins!". bogota.gov.co. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  4. ^ "Siete décadas de planes y ni un kilómetro de metro". 14 May 2015.
  5. ^ El Tiempo (13 December 1990). "Del Metro De Bogotá Ya Hay Centímetros".
  6. ^ Agencia de Cooperación Internacional de Japón (1996). "Informe Final (Informe Principal)". Estudio del Plan Maestro de Transporte Urbano de la Ciudad de Santafé de Bogotá en Colombia. Chodai Co. Ltd en asociación con Yachiyo Engineering Co., Ltd.
  7. ^ "Compilación de la Legislación Aplicable al Distrito Capital :: RÈgimen Legal de Bogotá".
  8. ^ Instituto de Desarrollo Urbano. "Primera línea del Metro". Archived from the original on 12 August 2004.
  9. ^ Presidencia de la República (3 November 2007). "Gobierno está dispuesto a contribuir con Metro de Bogotá, dice Presidente Uribe". Archived from the original on 21 August 2008. Retrieved 18 August 2008.
  10. ^ El tiempo (3 November 2007). "Uribe se sube a la idea del metro".
  11. ^ Revista Dinero (27 August 2008). "Avanza el Metro de Bogotá". Retrieved 24 June 2009.
  12. ^ Caracol Radio (3 September 2008). "Solo tres firmas competirán por los diseños del Metro para Bogotá". Retrieved 24 June 2009.[permanent dead link]
  13. ^ El Espectador (23 June 2009). "Transmilenio, metro y tren no pueden ser independientes uno del otro: Uribe". Retrieved 24 June 2009.
  14. ^ Caracol Radio (23 June 2009). "Vuelven a aplazar entrega de estudios del Metro para Bogotá". Retrieved 24 June 2009.[permanent dead link]
  15. ^ Yesid Lancheros (23 June 2009). El Tiempo (ed.). "Aplazan nuevamente la entrega de los estudios del Metro de Bogotá". Retrieved 24 June 2009.
  16. ^ Paula Castillo Lenis (18 June 2009). El Espectador (ed.). "Se enreda financiación del Metro por parte de la Nación". Retrieved 24 June 2009.
  17. ^ Yesid Lancheros (19 August 2009). El Tiempo (ed.). "Están listos los cuatro corredores de donde saldrá la primera línea del Metro de Bogotá". Retrieved 29 August 2009.
  18. ^ El Tiempo, ed. (19 August 2009). "Documento PDF anexo" (PDF). Retrieved 29 August 2009.
  19. ^ Martínez, J. (November 19, 2007). "En 2010 se iniciará construcción del metro". Revista Dinero (in Spanish). Archived from the original on September 25, 2008. Retrieved July 21, 2008.
  20. ^ Terra Colombia, ed. (27 August 2009). "Uribe y Moreno definen la primera línea del Metro". Archived from the original on 21 July 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2009.
  21. ^ El Tiempo. "Gobierno Nacional autoriza 300 mil millones de pesos anuales para metro y TransMilenio".
  22. ^ El Tiempo, ed. (8 February 2015). "El metro de Quito estará listo en el 2018". Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  23. ^ "Gobierno Nacional autoriza 300 mil millones de pesos anuales para metro y TransMilenio". El Tiempo. June 28, 2010.
  24. ^ Semana.com (9 June 2009). "Despelote en diseños para Metro en Bogotá". Retrieved 24 June 2009.
  25. ^ "Samuel Moreno, suspendido por tres meses del cargo". 2011-05-03.
  26. ^ "Radio Nacional de Colombia".
  27. ^ El Nuevo Siglo.co (4 May 2013). "Ingeniería básica del Metro en 18 meses". Archived from the original on 14 October 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2014. ...se anunció que el miércoles se firmará el contrato de ingeniería básica como antesala de la licitación para la construcción de la primera línea del metro de Bogotá
  28. ^ a b El Tiempo.com (9 May 2013). "Se firmó contrato de estudios y diseño de la primera línea del metro". Retrieved 16 September 2014. Es la primera vez en años que el proyecto del metro pesado en Bogotá da un paso en firme.
  29. ^ "El Metro de Bogotá es una realidad - Palabras del alcalde Gustavo Petro (Youtube)". YouTube. 10 May 2013.[dead YouTube link]
  30. ^ "Metro de Bogotá tendrá trenes sin conductor; obra cuesta 15 billones". El Tiempo. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
  31. ^ "Fotos: Presentaron los estudios finales para el Metro de Bogotá". El Tiempo. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
  32. ^ Tiempo, Casa Editorial El. "Metro de Bogotá tendrá trenes sin conductor; obra cuesta 15 billones - Bogotá - El Tiempo". El Tiempo (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 February 2016.
  33. ^ "Alcaldía de Bogotá pedirá al Concejo crear la empresa Metro". El Espectador. 25 February 2016. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
  34. ^ "Metro de Bogotá irá desde el Portal Américas hasta la calle 127". Revista Semana. 17 September 2016. Retrieved 17 September 2016.
  35. ^ "Nación aprobó 15 billones para el metro, regiotram y TM para Soacha". El Tiempo. 10 January 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  36. ^ "Asegurados recursos de la Nación por $15,1 billones para el metro de Bogotá". El Espectador. 9 November 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
  37. ^ "El metro sin reversa: Nación y Distrito ponen firma definitiva para financiarlo". Revista Semana. 11 November 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
  38. ^ "Metro de Bogotá: más de 100 empresas nacionales e internacionales quieren licitar". Canal Capital. 1 November 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  39. ^ "102 empresas interesadas en construir la primera línea del metro". El Tiempo. 1 November 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  40. ^ "Empresa Metro expone requisitos para posibles oferentes del proyecto". El Espectador. 1 November 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  41. ^ "Siete consorcios internacionales quieren desarrollar el Metro de Bogotá". www.bogota.gov.co. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
  42. ^ "¡Histórico! Se abre la licitación del Metro de Bogotá". Canal Capital. 28 June 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
  43. ^ "Se abre licitación para elegir consorcio a cargo del metro". El Tiempo. 28 June 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
  44. ^ "Abren convocatoria para interventor del Metro de Bogotá por $317.000 millones". El Espectador. 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  45. ^ "Recomposición de consorcios: quedan cinco proponentes para la licitación del metro de Bogotá" (in Spanish). El Espectador. 19 August 2018. Retrieved 19 August 2018.
  46. ^ "¿Cuáles son los dos consorcios que compiten por el Metro de Bogotá?". El Tiempo. 3 October 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  47. ^ "¡Histórico! firmas chinas construirán la primera línea de metro". Dinero. 17 October 2019. Archived from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  48. ^ "Chinese consortium selected for Bogota metro contract". International Railway Journal. 21 October 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
  49. ^ "Claudia López ampliará la primera línea del metro hasta la calle 100". Publimetro. 27 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  50. ^ "Se define el grupo a cargo de la interventoría del metro de Bogotá". El Tiempo. 18 August 2020. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  51. ^ "Vehicle supply contract for Bogotá Metro Line 1 Project in Colombia signed". China Communications Construction Company Limited. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  52. ^ Bolaños R., Laura Fernanda (20 October 2020). "Gobierno, Distrito, Concesionario y Empresa Metro firmaron inicio de obras del metro de Bogotá". Revista Semana. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  53. ^ "Así se planea la expansión de la red del metro de Bogotá hasta Suba". El Tiempo. 26 November 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  54. ^ "Presidente Petro insiste en que el metro de Bogotá sea subterráneo, tras reunión con la alcaldesa Claudia López". infobae. 26 January 2023.
  55. ^ "Petro no aceptó propuesta de metro de Bogotá subterráneo: Gobierno asumiría billonario costo adicional". Valora Analitik. 26 January 2023.
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