Meloetyphlus fuscatus
| Meloetyphlus fuscatus | |
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| Species: | M. fuscatus
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| Meloetyphlus fuscatus Waterhouse, 1872
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Meloetyphlus fuscatus, the blind blister beetle, is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae found in Central and South America. They are kleptoparasites of orchid bees and are entirely blind as adults. Unique among meloids, females do not lay their eggs near flowers, but rather within their hosts' nests.
Description and etymology
[edit]Description
[edit]M. fuscatus is a blind, dull, and robust blister beetle. The eyeless head is larger than is typical for blister beetles and provides more attachment area for mandibular muscles (this head shape is only observed once elsewhere in Meloidae, in the tribe Horiini). Length ranges from 12 to 17mm; males are typically larger and have more strongly modified legs than females.[1]
Etymology
[edit]The generic and specific names derive from Meloe + Greek τῠφλός (tuphlós) for blind, and Latin fusco for dusky.[2]
Life history
[edit]The life cycle of M. fuscatus begins when an adult female oviposits in an empty cell of its host's nest. The triungulins hatch within 20 day after oviposition and immediately set off looking for a provisioned bee nest to parasitize. This can be accomplished by attaching to a female bee to gain access to her nest. If a female emerges in a cell near that of the triungulins, they will attach to her. But in the instance of a male emerging near the triungulins, they will attach to him and transfer to a female during mating. Once a triungulin has infiltrated an active nest cell and the cell is sealed off, it will proceed to eat the bee egg and pollen privisions of that cell. After the triungulin pupates, it uses its strongly modified forelegs and mandibles to dig out of the sealed cell and look for a mate. Adult M. fuscatus do not feed, and the fecundity of females is determined by the amount of nutrition consumed as an immature.
Host species
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M. fuscatus is a kleptoparasite of three orchid bee genera: Eufriesea, Eulaema, and Exaerete[1][4][3][5][6]
Known host species:
Range and habitat
[edit]Range
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To date, M. fuscatus has been recorded in:
- Honduras: Francisco Morazán[7]
- Costa Rica: Limón,[8] San José[1]
- Colombia: Caldas,[8] Cundinamarca[9]
- Ecuador: Bolívar[10]
- Trinidad[11]
- Peru: Loreto[8][1]
- Brazil: Pernambuco,[1] São Paulo,[4][3] Ceará[8]
Habitat
[edit]Adults are found in, on, or vicinal to their host's nest. Triungulins are found in their host's nest or on the host.[3][4][9]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Selander, Richard B. (1965). "The Systematic Position of Meloetyphlus, a Genus of Blind Blister Beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae)". Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 38 (1): 45–55. ISSN 0022-8567. JSTOR 25083410.
- ^ "Wiktionary:Main Page", Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2021-10-05, retrieved 2021-10-15
- ^ a b c d Garófalo, Carlos Alberto; Camillo, Evandro; Serrano, José C. (2011). "Reproductive aspects of Meloetyphlus fuscatus a meloid beetle cleptoparasite of the bee Eulaema nigrita (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossini)". Apidologie. 42 (3): 337–348. doi:10.1007/s13592-011-0023-y. ISSN 0044-8435. S2CID 32141523.
- ^ a b c da Rocha-Filho, Léo Correia; Garófalo, Carlos Alberto (2015-05-01). "Males of the orchid bee Eulaema cingulata (Hymenoptera: Apidae) as important vectors of the cleptoparasitic beetle Meloetyphlus fuscatus (Coleoptera: Meloidae)". Apidologie. 46 (3): 286–291. doi:10.1007/s13592-014-0322-1. ISSN 1297-9678. S2CID 17622081.
- ^ "Eulaema meriana (Olivier, 1789)". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2021-10-17.
- ^ Friedel, Anna; de Oliveira, Marcio L.; Boff, Samuel (2019-05-04). "Hitchhiking meloid larva upon male Eulaema mocsaryi (Hymenoptera: Apidae): a new host cleptoparasite interaction in the Amazon rainforest". Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment. 54 (2): 102–106. Bibcode:2019SNFE...54..102F. doi:10.1080/01650521.2019.1585070. ISSN 0165-0521. S2CID 149561475.
- ^ Rosa, Rafael Menjívar; Cantarero, Karla; Wildt, Christian (2017-08-28). "Reporte de Meloetyphlus fuscatus Waterhouse 1872 (Coleoptera: Meloidae: Tetraonycinae) para Honduras, Centro América". Agrociencia (in Spanish): 27–30.
- ^ a b c d "Meloetyphlus fuscatus". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2021-10-15.
- ^ a b Nates-Parra, Guiomar; González, Víctor Hugo (2000). "Notas sobre el nido de Eulaema polychroma (Hymenoptera: apidae: Euglossini)". Actualidades Biológicas (in Spanish). 22 (72): 83–90. doi:10.17533/udea.acbi.329732. ISSN 2145-7166. S2CID 83361013.
- ^ Dodson, C. H. (1966). "Ethology of Some Bees of the Tribe Euglossini (Hymenoptera: Apidae)". Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 39 (4): 607–629. ISSN 0022-8567. JSTOR 25083566.
- ^ Selander, Richard B. (1985). "A New Genus of Blister Beetles Linking Meloetyphlus with Tetraonyx (Coleoptera: Meloidae)". Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 58 (4): 611–619. ISSN 0022-8567. JSTOR 25084704.