Megachirella
| Megachirella Temporal range: Middle Triassic,
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| Megachirella wachtleri, Museum of Nature South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Superorder: | Lepidosauria |
| Genus: | †Megachirella Renesto and Posenato, 2003 |
| Type species | |
| †Megachirella wachtleri Renesto and Posenato, 2003
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Megachirella is an extinct genus of lepidosaur, possibly a stem-squamate that lived about 240 million years ago during the Middle Triassic and contains only one known species, Megachirella wachtleri. It is known from a partial skeleton discovered in the Dolomites of Northern Italy and was described in 2003.
Description
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Megachirella is known exclusively from a partial skeleton, preserved in anatomical connection. The find includes an almost complete skull, the front half of the body and part of the front legs. The skull, although devoid of the front part of the snout, is rather robust and large; the neck is moderately elongated and the front legs are large and strong. The dimensions do not exceed 15 cm (5.9 in) in length, and the appearance is similar to that of a strong-legged lizard.
Classification
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Megachirella was discovered in the Dont Formation of the area of Braies, in South Tyrol, and described in 2003. It was classified as a member of Lepidosauromorpha, the clade of reptiles that includes lizards, snakes, the tuatara and their closest extinct relatives, at the time. In particular, the fossils show some similarities, mainly in the skull, with some primitive forms such as the Eolacertilia. A phylogenetics analysis in 2013 confirmed that it was a lepidosauromorph closely related to the crown group Lepidosauria.[1]
A study in 2018, led by Tiago R. Simōes from the University of Alberta, found that Megachirella was a stem-squamate, making it the oldest known member of the order Squamata, the order that includes lizards, snakes and amphisbaenians (worm lizards). The study was conducted by performing high-resolution microfocus X-ray computed tomography (micro-CT) scans on the fossil specimen of Megachirella to gather detailed data about its anatomy. This data was then compared with a phylogenetic dataset combining the morphological and molecular data of 129 extant (living) and extinct reptilian taxa. The comparison revealed Megachirella had certain features that are unique to squamates. The study also found that geckoes are the earliest crown group squamates, not iguanians.[2][3] However, a 2021 study found the genus to be a lepidosaur of uncertain position, in a polytomy with Squamata and Rhynchocephalia.[4]
Paleobiology
[edit]Despite being found in marine deposits, the fossil of Megachirella shows no adaptation to aquatic life. On the contrary, characteristics like the strong front legs, the shape of the claws, the well-ossified carpus and the hollow ribs lead one to think that this animal was well adapted to a terrestrial lifestyle. The specimen was probably transported to a shallow coastal environment due to heavy storms after it died.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ Renesto, Silvio; Bernardi, Massimo (23 July 2013). "Redescription and phylogenetic relationships of Megachirella wachtleri Renesto et Posenato, 2003 (Reptilia, Diapsida)". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 88 (2): 197–210. doi:10.1007/s12542-013-0194-0. ISSN 1867-6812. S2CID 84193258.
- ^ Simōes, Tiago R.; Caldwell, Michael W.; Talanda, Mateusz; Bernardi, Massimo; Palci, Alessandro; Vernygora, Oksana; Bernardini, Federico; Mancini, Lucia; Nydam, Randall L. (30 May 2018). "The origin of squamates revealed by a Middle Triassic lizard from the Italian Alps". Nature. 557 (7707): 706–709. Bibcode:2018Natur.557..706S. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0093-3. PMID 29849156. S2CID 44108416.
- ^ Weisberger, Mindy (30 May 2018). "This 240-Million-Year-Old Reptile Is the 'Mother of All Lizards'". Live Science. Purch Group. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
- ^ Ford, David P.; Evans, Susan E.; Choiniere, Jonah N.; Fernandez, Vincent; Benson, Roger B. J. (2021-08-25). "A reassessment of the enigmatic diapsid Paliguana whitei and the early history of Lepidosauromorpha". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 288 (1957): 20211084. doi:10.1098/rspb.2021.1084. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 8385343. PMID 34428965.
- ^ Renesto, Silvio; Posenato, Renato (30 November 2003). "A new lepidosauromorph reptile from the Middle Triassic of the Dolomites (Northern Italy)". Italian Journal of Paleontology and Stratigraphy. 109 (3): 463–474. doi:10.13130/2039-4942/5517. ISSN 2039-4942.
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